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# Standards & References - Implementing Application Whitelisting with AppLocker
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## Primary Standards
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### NIST SP 800-167 - Guide to Application Whitelisting
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- **Publisher**: NIST
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- **URL**: https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-167/final
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- **Scope**: Comprehensive guidance on planning, implementing, and maintaining application whitelisting
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- **Key sections**: Technology overview, planning process, policy creation, maintenance operations
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### ACSC Essential Eight - Application Control
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- **Publisher**: Australian Cyber Security Centre
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- **URL**: https://www.cyber.gov.au/resources-business-and-government/essential-cyber-security/essential-eight
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- **Scope**: Application control is Mitigation Strategy #1 in the Essential Eight
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- **Maturity levels**: L1 (block executables in user profiles), L2 (block from all user-writable paths), L3 (Microsoft recommended block rules + WDAC)
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### CIS Control 2 - Software Inventory and Control
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- **Publisher**: Center for Internet Security
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- **Relevance**: CIS Controls v8 Control 2 requires software allowlisting for authorized applications
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## Compliance Mappings
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| Framework | Requirement | AppLocker Coverage |
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|-----------|------------|-------------------|
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| PCI DSS 4.0 | 6.4.3 - Restrict active content | AppLocker script rules block unauthorized scripts |
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| NIST 800-53 | CM-7 - Least Functionality | AppLocker enforces minimum required software |
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| NIST 800-53 | CM-11 - User-Installed Software | AppLocker prevents unauthorized software installation |
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| NIST 800-171 | 3.4.8 - Application whitelisting | Direct requirement for application control |
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| ISO 27001 | A.12.5.1 - Installation of software on operational systems | AppLocker restricts installation capability |
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| HIPAA | 164.312(a)(1) - Access Control | Restricts executable access to authorized applications |
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## Microsoft Documentation
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- **AppLocker Overview**: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/application-security/application-control/app-control-for-business/applocker/applocker-overview
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- **AppLocker Policies Design Guide**: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/application-security/application-control/app-control-for-business/applocker/applocker-policies-design-guide
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- **WDAC and AppLocker Feature Availability**: Comparison of capabilities between AppLocker and WDAC
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- **Microsoft Recommended Block Rules**: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/application-security/application-control/app-control-for-business/design/applications-that-can-bypass-appcontrol
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## Supporting References
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- **LOLBAS Project**: https://lolbas-project.github.io/ - Living Off The Land Binaries reference for deny rule creation
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- **AaronLocker (GitHub)**: Open-source toolkit for generating robust AppLocker policies
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- **UltimateAppLockerByPassList**: Security research on AppLocker bypass techniques for defense awareness
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# Workflows - Implementing Application Whitelisting with AppLocker
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## Workflow 1: Initial AppLocker Deployment
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```
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[Application Inventory]
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│
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├── Scan reference endpoints for installed applications
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├── Catalog all approved software by publisher/path/hash
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├── Identify admin tools vs. standard user applications
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│
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▼
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[Policy Design]
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│
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├── Create default allow rules (Program Files, Windows)
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├── Create publisher rules for third-party vendors
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├── Create deny rules for LOLBins (standard users only)
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├── Create script control rules
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│
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▼
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[Audit Mode Deployment]
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│
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├── Deploy via GPO to pilot OU (Audit Only)
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├── Enable Application Identity service
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├── Monitor for 2-4 weeks
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│
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▼
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[Audit Log Analysis]
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│
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├── Export blocked events (8003, 8006)
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├── Identify legitimate applications being blocked
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│
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├── Blocked app is legitimate ──► [Create allow rule]
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│ │
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│ ▼
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│ [Re-audit 1 week]
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│
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└── All blocked apps are unauthorized ──► [Proceed to enforcement]
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│
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▼
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[Switch to Enforce mode (phased)]
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│
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├── Week 1: EXE rules
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├── Week 2: Script rules
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├── Week 3: MSI rules
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└── Week 4: DLL rules (optional)
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```
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## Workflow 2: New Application Approval
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```
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[User requests new application]
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│
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▼
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[Security review of application]
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│
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├── Is it signed by trusted publisher? ──► [Create publisher rule]
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│
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├── Unsigned but necessary? ──► [Create hash rule + document exception]
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│
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└── Fails security review ──► [Deny request, document reason]
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│
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▼
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[Add rule to AppLocker GPO]
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│
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▼
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[Deploy to pilot OU, verify no conflicts]
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│
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▼
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[Deploy to production OU]
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│
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▼
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[Update application inventory]
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```
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## Workflow 3: AppLocker Bypass Incident Response
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```
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[Detection: Unauthorized execution despite AppLocker]
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│
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▼
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[Identify bypass technique]
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│
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├── LOLBin not blocked ──► [Add deny rule for specific binary]
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│
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├── Execution from allowed path ──► [Restrict path rule scope]
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│
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├── Admin user bypass ──► [Evaluate WDAC migration for admin enforcement]
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│
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└── DLL side-loading ──► [Enable DLL rules or deploy WDAC]
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│
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▼
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[Update AppLocker policy with fix]
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│
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▼
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[Verify fix in audit mode on test endpoint]
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│
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▼
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[Deploy fix to production]
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│
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▼
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[Update threat model and rule documentation]
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```
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## Workflow 4: AppLocker to WDAC Migration
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```
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[Decision: Migrate from AppLocker to WDAC]
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│
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▼
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[Audit current AppLocker policy]
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│
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├── Export AppLocker rules as XML
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├── Identify rules that need WDAC equivalents
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│
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▼
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[Create WDAC policy using WDAC Wizard]
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│
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├── Convert publisher rules to WDAC signer rules
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├── Convert path rules to WDAC filepath rules
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├── Add Microsoft recommended block rules
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│
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▼
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[Deploy WDAC in Audit mode alongside AppLocker]
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│
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▼
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[Monitor WDAC audit events for 4 weeks]
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│
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▼
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[Resolve WDAC audit findings]
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│
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▼
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[Switch WDAC to Enforce mode]
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│
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▼
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[Disable AppLocker policy]
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```
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