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# Standards & References - Implementing Disk Encryption with BitLocker
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## Primary Standards
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### NIST SP 800-111 - Guide to Storage Encryption Technologies
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- **Publisher**: NIST
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- **URL**: https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-111/final
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- **Scope**: Guidance on planning, implementing, and maintaining storage encryption solutions
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### FIPS 140-2/3 - Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules
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- **Publisher**: NIST
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- **Relevance**: BitLocker uses FIPS 140-2 validated cryptographic modules when configured in FIPS-compliant mode
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## Compliance Mappings
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| Framework | Requirement | BitLocker Coverage |
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|-----------|------------|-------------------|
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| PCI DSS 4.0 | 3.5.1 - Render PAN unreadable in storage | BitLocker full disk encryption |
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| HIPAA | 164.312(a)(2)(iv) - Encryption/decryption | BitLocker protects ePHI at rest |
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| GDPR | Article 32(1)(a) - Encryption of personal data | BitLocker for data-at-rest protection |
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| NIST 800-53 | SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest | BitLocker encryption |
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| NIST 800-171 | 3.13.16 - Confidentiality of CUI at rest | BitLocker on CUI systems |
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| ISO 27001 | A.10.1.1 - Cryptographic controls policy | BitLocker implementation |
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## Microsoft References
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- **BitLocker Overview**: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/operating-system-security/data-protection/bitlocker/
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- **BitLocker Group Policy Reference**: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/operating-system-security/data-protection/bitlocker/bitlocker-group-policy-settings
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- **BitLocker Recovery Guide**: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/operating-system-security/data-protection/bitlocker/bitlocker-recovery-guide-plan
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- **TPM Recommendations**: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/hardware-security/tpm/tpm-recommendations
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# Workflows - Implementing Disk Encryption with BitLocker
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## Workflow 1: Enterprise BitLocker Deployment
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```
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[Pre-deployment assessment]
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│
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├── Verify TPM 2.0 across fleet
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├── Confirm UEFI/Secure Boot
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├── Plan recovery key escrow (AD DS or Azure AD)
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│
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▼
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[Configure GPO/Intune policy]
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│
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├── Set encryption method (XTS-AES 256)
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├── Configure key protectors (TPM + PIN for laptops, TPM for desktops)
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├── Enable recovery key escrow
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│
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▼
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[Pilot deployment (test group)]
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│
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├── Verify encryption completes without errors
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├── Test recovery key retrieval
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├── Verify no boot issues
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│
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▼
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[Production rollout (phased)]
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│
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▼
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[Monitor encryption status via Intune/SCCM reports]
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│
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▼
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[Verify 100% coverage, address failures]
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```
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## Workflow 2: BitLocker Recovery Process
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```
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[User locked out (BitLocker recovery screen)]
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│
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▼
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[User provides Recovery Key ID to helpdesk]
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│
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▼
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[Helpdesk retrieves recovery key]
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│
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├── AD DS: RSAT BitLocker Recovery Password Viewer
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├── Azure AD: Azure Portal → Devices → BitLocker keys
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├── Intune: Intune Portal → Devices → Recovery keys
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│
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▼
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[User enters 48-digit recovery key]
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│
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▼
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[Investigate why recovery was triggered]
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│
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├── BIOS/firmware update ──► [Expected, no action]
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├── TPM failure ──► [Replace TPM or re-encrypt]
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├── Boot configuration change ──► [Review change, re-seal TPM]
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└── Potential tampering ──► [Security investigation]
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```
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## Workflow 3: Key Rotation
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```
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[Quarterly key rotation policy]
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│
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▼
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[Generate new recovery password]
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│
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▼
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[Backup new key to AD/Azure AD]
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│
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▼
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[Remove old recovery password protector]
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│
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▼
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[Verify new key works in test recovery]
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```
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