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# Standards & References - Implementing Disk Encryption with BitLocker
## Primary Standards
### NIST SP 800-111 - Guide to Storage Encryption Technologies
- **Publisher**: NIST
- **URL**: https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-111/final
- **Scope**: Guidance on planning, implementing, and maintaining storage encryption solutions
### FIPS 140-2/3 - Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules
- **Publisher**: NIST
- **Relevance**: BitLocker uses FIPS 140-2 validated cryptographic modules when configured in FIPS-compliant mode
## Compliance Mappings
| Framework | Requirement | BitLocker Coverage |
|-----------|------------|-------------------|
| PCI DSS 4.0 | 3.5.1 - Render PAN unreadable in storage | BitLocker full disk encryption |
| HIPAA | 164.312(a)(2)(iv) - Encryption/decryption | BitLocker protects ePHI at rest |
| GDPR | Article 32(1)(a) - Encryption of personal data | BitLocker for data-at-rest protection |
| NIST 800-53 | SC-28 Protection of Information at Rest | BitLocker encryption |
| NIST 800-171 | 3.13.16 - Confidentiality of CUI at rest | BitLocker on CUI systems |
| ISO 27001 | A.10.1.1 - Cryptographic controls policy | BitLocker implementation |
## Microsoft References
- **BitLocker Overview**: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/operating-system-security/data-protection/bitlocker/
- **BitLocker Group Policy Reference**: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/operating-system-security/data-protection/bitlocker/bitlocker-group-policy-settings
- **BitLocker Recovery Guide**: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/operating-system-security/data-protection/bitlocker/bitlocker-recovery-guide-plan
- **TPM Recommendations**: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/hardware-security/tpm/tpm-recommendations
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# Workflows - Implementing Disk Encryption with BitLocker
## Workflow 1: Enterprise BitLocker Deployment
```
[Pre-deployment assessment]
├── Verify TPM 2.0 across fleet
├── Confirm UEFI/Secure Boot
├── Plan recovery key escrow (AD DS or Azure AD)
[Configure GPO/Intune policy]
├── Set encryption method (XTS-AES 256)
├── Configure key protectors (TPM + PIN for laptops, TPM for desktops)
├── Enable recovery key escrow
[Pilot deployment (test group)]
├── Verify encryption completes without errors
├── Test recovery key retrieval
├── Verify no boot issues
[Production rollout (phased)]
[Monitor encryption status via Intune/SCCM reports]
[Verify 100% coverage, address failures]
```
## Workflow 2: BitLocker Recovery Process
```
[User locked out (BitLocker recovery screen)]
[User provides Recovery Key ID to helpdesk]
[Helpdesk retrieves recovery key]
├── AD DS: RSAT BitLocker Recovery Password Viewer
├── Azure AD: Azure Portal → Devices → BitLocker keys
├── Intune: Intune Portal → Devices → Recovery keys
[User enters 48-digit recovery key]
[Investigate why recovery was triggered]
├── BIOS/firmware update ──► [Expected, no action]
├── TPM failure ──► [Replace TPM or re-encrypt]
├── Boot configuration change ──► [Review change, re-seal TPM]
└── Potential tampering ──► [Security investigation]
```
## Workflow 3: Key Rotation
```
[Quarterly key rotation policy]
[Generate new recovery password]
[Backup new key to AD/Azure AD]
[Remove old recovery password protector]
[Verify new key works in test recovery]
```