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Initial commit - 611 cybersecurity skills across all subdomains
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# Standards and References - Authenticated Vulnerability Scanning
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## Industry Standards
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- **NIST SP 800-115**: Technical Guide to Information Security Testing and Assessment
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- **NIST SP 800-53 RA-5**: Vulnerability Scanning (requires credentialed scanning for compliance)
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- **CIS Controls v8 Control 7.5**: Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal assets on a quarterly basis using authenticated scanning
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- **PCI DSS v4.0 Req 11.3.1**: Internal vulnerability scans must use authenticated scanning
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- **DISA STIG**: Requires credentialed scanning for compliance validation
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## Credential Management Standards
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- **NIST SP 800-63B**: Digital Identity Guidelines - Authentication and Lifecycle Management
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- **CIS Controls v8 Control 5**: Account Management
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- **OWASP Credential Storage Cheat Sheet**: Secure credential handling best practices
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## Scanner Documentation
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- Nessus Credentialed Checks: https://docs.tenable.com/nessus/Content/CredentialedChecks.htm
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- Qualys Authenticated Scanning: https://www.qualys.com/docs/qualys-scanning-best-practices.pdf
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- OpenVAS Credential Management: https://docs.greenbone.net/
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- Rapid7 InsightVM Credentials: https://docs.rapid7.com/insightvm/managing-shared-credentials/
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## Verification Plugins (Nessus)
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| Plugin ID | Name | Purpose |
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|-----------|------|---------|
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| 19506 | Nessus Scan Information | Shows scan metadata and credential status |
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| 21745 | OS Security Patch Assessment | Confirms local security checks enabled |
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| 117887 | Local Security Checks Enabled | Per-host credential verification |
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| 110385 | Nessus Credentialed Check | Detailed credential success/failure |
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| 10394 | Microsoft Windows SMB Log In Possible | Windows SMB auth verification |
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| 10180 | Ping the Remote Host | Host reachability confirmation |
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## Minimum Privileges Required
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| Platform | Minimum Privilege | Notes |
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|----------|------------------|-------|
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| Linux | Root or sudo user | Sudo with NOPASSWD for specific commands |
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| Windows | Local Administrator | Or domain account with local admin GPO |
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| Cisco IOS | Privilege 15 | Enable mode access required |
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| SNMP | Read-only (v3 authPriv) | SNMPv3 with encryption |
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| Oracle DB | SELECT ANY DICTIONARY | Minimum for audit queries |
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| PostgreSQL | pg_read_all_settings | Read-only role sufficient |
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# Workflows - Authenticated Vulnerability Scanning
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## Workflow 1: Credential Preparation and Validation
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```
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┌──────────────────┐ ┌──────────────────┐ ┌──────────────────┐
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│ Create Service │────>│ Configure Least │────>│ Test Credentials │
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│ Accounts │ │ Privilege Access │ │ on Sample Hosts │
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└──────────────────┘ └──────────────────┘ └──────────────────┘
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│
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┌────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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v
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┌──────────────────┐ ┌──────────────────┐ ┌──────────────────┐
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│ Store in Secrets │────>│ Configure Scanner│────>│ Validate Auth │
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│ Vault │ │ Credentials │ │ Success Rate │
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└──────────────────┘ └──────────────────┘ └──────────────────┘
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```
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## Workflow 2: Authenticated Scan Execution
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1. **Pre-scan**: Verify credentials, check network connectivity, confirm scan window
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2. **Discovery**: Host enumeration to identify live targets
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3. **Authentication**: Scanner authenticates to each target host
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4. **Local Enumeration**: Query installed packages, patches, configurations
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5. **Vulnerability Assessment**: Match local data against vulnerability database
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6. **Report Generation**: Compile findings with credential success metrics
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7. **Post-scan**: Verify no service disruption, archive results
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## Workflow 3: Credential Success Monitoring
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```
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Scan Completion
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│
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├──> Check Plugin 117887 (Local Security Checks)
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│ │
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│ ├──> SUCCESS: Proceed to analyze findings
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│ └──> FAILURE: Investigate cause
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│ │
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│ ├──> Network connectivity issue
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│ ├──> Credential expired or changed
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│ ├──> Firewall blocking management ports
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│ ├──> Account locked out
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│ └──> Insufficient privileges
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│
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└──> Calculate Credential Success Rate
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│
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├──> Target: >95% authenticated hosts
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├──> Alert if <90% success rate
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└──> Document exceptions for failed hosts
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```
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## Workflow 4: Credential Lifecycle Management
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| Phase | Action | Frequency |
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|-------|--------|-----------|
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| Provisioning | Create accounts with least privilege | One-time |
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| Distribution | Deploy keys/passwords to scanner | One-time |
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| Validation | Test connectivity before scans | Per scan |
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| Rotation | Change passwords, rotate keys | 90 days |
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| Monitoring | Audit login events in SIEM | Continuous |
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| Deprovisioning | Remove accounts when scanner retired | As needed |
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