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chore: fix license, add disclaimer, quick start, GitHub topics, issue templates
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@@ -1,21 +1,201 @@
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MIT License
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Copyright (c) 2025 Mahipal
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Apache License
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Version 2.0, January 2004
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http://www.apache.org/licenses/
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Copyright 2026 mukul975
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ subdomain: threat-hunting
|
||||
tags: [threat-hunting, mitre-attack, pass-the-hash, credential-access, t1550, proactive-detection]
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version: "1.0"
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author: mahipal
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license: MIT
|
||||
license: Apache-2.0
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||||
---
|
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# Detecting Pass The Hash Attacks
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@@ -1,43 +1,64 @@
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# API Reference: Detecting Pass-the-Hash Attacks
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## python-evtx Library
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## Windows Event ID 4624 Fields
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| Field | PtH Signal |
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|-------|------------|
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| LogonType | 3 (Network) |
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| AuthenticationPackageName | NTLM (not Kerberos) |
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| LogonProcessName | NtLmSsp |
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| IpAddress | Source of authentication |
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| TargetUserName | Account being used |
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## python-evtx Usage
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```python
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from Evtx.Evtx import FileHeader
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with open("Security.evtx", "rb") as f:
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fh = FileHeader(f)
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for record in fh.records():
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xml_string = record.xml()
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import Evtx.Evtx as evtx
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with evtx.Evtx("Security.evtx") as log:
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for record in log.records():
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xml = record.xml()
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# Filter EventID 4624, LogonType=3, AuthPackage=NTLM
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```
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## Event 4624 - NTLM Network Logon (PTH Indicator)
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```xml
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<Data Name="TargetUserName">admin</Data>
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<Data Name="TargetDomainName">CORP</Data>
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<Data Name="LogonType">3</Data>
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<Data Name="AuthenticationPackageName">NTLM</Data>
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<Data Name="LmPackageName">NTLM V2</Data>
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<Data Name="LogonProcessName">NtLmSsp</Data>
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<Data Name="KeyLength">0</Data>
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<Data Name="IpAddress">10.0.0.50</Data>
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<Data Name="WorkstationName">ATTACKER-PC</Data>
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## PtH Detection Logic
|
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```python
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src_targets = defaultdict(set)
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for event in ntlm_logons:
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src_targets[event["source_ip"]].add(event["computer"])
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# Alert when single source authenticates to 3+ targets via NTLM
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```
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## PTH Detection Indicators
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| Field | PTH Value | Normal |
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|-------|-----------|--------|
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| LogonType | 3 (Network) | Various |
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| AuthenticationPackageName | NTLM | Kerberos |
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| LogonProcessName | NtLmSsp | Kerberos |
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| KeyLength | 0 | 128 |
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| LmPackageName | NTLM V1 (weaker) | NTLM V2 |
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## Splunk SPL Detection
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## Detection Logic
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1. Filter 4624 where LogonType=3 AND AuthenticationPackageName=NTLM
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2. Flag events with KeyLength=0 (hash-only authentication)
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3. Detect same account authenticating from 3+ different source IPs
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4. Detect account used from 3+ different workstation names
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5. Correlate with process creation (4688) for post-exploitation activity
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```spl
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index=wineventlog EventCode=4624 Logon_Type=3
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| where Authentication_Package="NTLM"
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| stats dc(Computer) as targets by Source_Network_Address, Account_Name
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| where targets >= 3
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| sort -targets
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```
|
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## MITRE ATT&CK
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- T1550.002 - Pass the Hash
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- T1078 - Valid Accounts
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## KQL (Microsoft Sentinel)
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```kql
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SecurityEvent
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| where EventID == 4624 and LogonType == 3
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| where AuthenticationPackageName == "NTLM"
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| summarize TargetCount=dcount(Computer) by IpAddress, TargetUserName
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| where TargetCount >= 3
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```
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## Mitigation
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```powershell
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# Restrict NTLM authentication
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Set-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa" -Name "RestrictSendingNTLMTraffic" -Value 2
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```
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## CLI Usage
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```bash
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python agent.py --security-log Security.evtx
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python agent.py --security-log Security.evtx --target-threshold 5
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```
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@@ -1,151 +1,112 @@
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
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"""Pass-the-Hash Detection Agent - Detects PTH via NTLM Event 4624 LogonType=3 analysis."""
|
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"""Pass-the-Hash attack detection agent.
|
||||
|
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Detects NTLM hash reuse attacks by analyzing Windows Security Event ID 4624
|
||||
for Type 3 NTLM logons with anomalous patterns across multiple targets.
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
import json
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||||
import logging
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||||
import argparse
|
||||
import json
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import re
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||||
import sys
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from collections import defaultdict
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||||
from datetime import datetime
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||||
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from Evtx.Evtx import FileHeader
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from lxml import etree
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||||
try:
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||||
import Evtx.Evtx as evtx
|
||||
except ImportError:
|
||||
evtx = None
|
||||
|
||||
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format="%(asctime)s [%(levelname)s] %(message)s")
|
||||
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
|
||||
|
||||
NS = {"evt": "http://schemas.microsoft.com/win/2004/08/events/event"}
|
||||
LEGITIMATE_SOURCES = {"127.0.0.1", "::1", "-", ""}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def parse_ntlm_logons(evtx_path):
|
||||
"""Parse Event 4624 NTLM network logons from Security EVTX."""
|
||||
ntlm_logons = []
|
||||
with open(evtx_path, "rb") as f:
|
||||
fh = FileHeader(f)
|
||||
for record in fh.records():
|
||||
try:
|
||||
xml = record.xml()
|
||||
root = etree.fromstring(xml.encode("utf-8"))
|
||||
eid = root.find(".//evt:System/evt:EventID", NS)
|
||||
if eid is None or eid.text != "4624":
|
||||
continue
|
||||
data = {}
|
||||
for elem in root.findall(".//evt:EventData/evt:Data", NS):
|
||||
data[elem.get("Name", "")] = elem.text or ""
|
||||
if data.get("LogonType") == "3" and data.get("AuthenticationPackageName") == "NTLM":
|
||||
time_elem = root.find(".//evt:System/evt:TimeCreated", NS)
|
||||
ntlm_logons.append({
|
||||
"timestamp": time_elem.get("SystemTime", "") if time_elem is not None else "",
|
||||
"account": data.get("TargetUserName", ""),
|
||||
"domain": data.get("TargetDomainName", ""),
|
||||
"source_ip": data.get("IpAddress", ""),
|
||||
"workstation": data.get("WorkstationName", ""),
|
||||
"logon_process": data.get("LogonProcessName", ""),
|
||||
"lm_package": data.get("LmPackageName", ""),
|
||||
"key_length": data.get("KeyLength", ""),
|
||||
})
|
||||
except Exception:
|
||||
def parse_logon_events(filepath):
|
||||
if evtx is None:
|
||||
return {"error": "python-evtx not installed: pip install python-evtx"}
|
||||
events = []
|
||||
with evtx.Evtx(filepath) as log:
|
||||
for record in log.records():
|
||||
xml = record.xml()
|
||||
if "<EventID>4624</EventID>" not in xml:
|
||||
continue
|
||||
logger.info("Parsed %d NTLM network logon events", len(ntlm_logons))
|
||||
return ntlm_logons
|
||||
logon_type = re.search(r'<Data Name="LogonType">(\d+)', xml)
|
||||
auth_pkg = re.search(r'<Data Name="AuthenticationPackageName">([^<]+)', xml)
|
||||
account = re.search(r'<Data Name="TargetUserName">([^<]+)', xml)
|
||||
domain = re.search(r'<Data Name="TargetDomainName">([^<]+)', xml)
|
||||
src_ip = re.search(r'<Data Name="IpAddress">([^<]+)', xml)
|
||||
computer = re.search(r'<Data Name="Computer">([^<]+)', xml)
|
||||
time_match = re.search(r'SystemTime="([^"]+)"', xml)
|
||||
lt = logon_type.group(1) if logon_type else ""
|
||||
ap = auth_pkg.group(1) if auth_pkg else ""
|
||||
if lt == "3" and "NTLM" in ap.upper():
|
||||
events.append({
|
||||
"timestamp": time_match.group(1) if time_match else "",
|
||||
"logon_type": int(lt), "auth_package": ap.strip(),
|
||||
"account": account.group(1) if account else "",
|
||||
"domain": domain.group(1) if domain else "",
|
||||
"source_ip": src_ip.group(1) if src_ip else "",
|
||||
"computer": computer.group(1) if computer else "",
|
||||
})
|
||||
return events
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def detect_pth_indicators(ntlm_logons):
|
||||
"""Detect Pass-the-Hash indicators in NTLM logon events."""
|
||||
pth_candidates = []
|
||||
for logon in ntlm_logons:
|
||||
indicators = []
|
||||
if logon["logon_process"].strip() == "NtLmSsp":
|
||||
indicators.append("NtLmSsp logon process")
|
||||
if logon["lm_package"].strip() == "NTLM V1":
|
||||
indicators.append("NTLMv1 (weaker, often PTH)")
|
||||
if logon["key_length"] == "0":
|
||||
indicators.append("Zero key length (PTH indicator)")
|
||||
if logon["workstation"] and logon["source_ip"]:
|
||||
indicators.append("Remote NTLM with workstation name")
|
||||
if indicators:
|
||||
logon["pth_indicators"] = indicators
|
||||
logon["confidence"] = min(len(indicators) * 25, 100)
|
||||
pth_candidates.append(logon)
|
||||
logger.info("Found %d PTH candidate events", len(pth_candidates))
|
||||
return pth_candidates
|
||||
def detect_pth_patterns(events, target_threshold=3):
|
||||
if isinstance(events, dict) and "error" in events:
|
||||
return [events]
|
||||
findings = []
|
||||
src_targets = defaultdict(lambda: {"computers": set(), "count": 0,
|
||||
"source_ip": "", "account": ""})
|
||||
for evt in events:
|
||||
src = evt.get("source_ip", "")
|
||||
if src in LEGITIMATE_SOURCES:
|
||||
continue
|
||||
key = f"{src}|{evt.get('account', '')}"
|
||||
src_targets[key]["computers"].add(evt.get("computer", ""))
|
||||
src_targets[key]["count"] += 1
|
||||
src_targets[key]["source_ip"] = src
|
||||
src_targets[key]["account"] = evt.get("account", "")
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def detect_lateral_movement_chains(ntlm_logons):
|
||||
"""Detect chains of NTLM logons from the same account across multiple hosts."""
|
||||
account_hosts = defaultdict(set)
|
||||
account_events = defaultdict(list)
|
||||
for logon in ntlm_logons:
|
||||
account = f"{logon['domain']}\\{logon['account']}"
|
||||
if not logon["account"].endswith("$"):
|
||||
account_hosts[account].add(logon["source_ip"])
|
||||
account_events[account].append(logon)
|
||||
chains = []
|
||||
for account, hosts in account_hosts.items():
|
||||
if len(hosts) >= 3:
|
||||
chains.append({
|
||||
"account": account,
|
||||
"unique_source_ips": len(hosts),
|
||||
"total_logons": len(account_events[account]),
|
||||
"source_ips": list(hosts),
|
||||
"indicator": "Multi-host NTLM lateral movement",
|
||||
"severity": "critical" if len(hosts) >= 5 else "high",
|
||||
for key, data in src_targets.items():
|
||||
target_count = len(data["computers"])
|
||||
if target_count >= target_threshold:
|
||||
findings.append({
|
||||
"type": "ntlm_type3_multi_target",
|
||||
"source_ip": data["source_ip"],
|
||||
"account": data["account"],
|
||||
"target_count": target_count,
|
||||
"targets": list(data["computers"])[:20],
|
||||
"total_logons": data["count"],
|
||||
"severity": "CRITICAL" if target_count >= 10 else "HIGH",
|
||||
"mitre": "T1550.002",
|
||||
})
|
||||
logger.info("Found %d lateral movement chains", len(chains))
|
||||
return chains
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def detect_workstation_mismatch(ntlm_logons):
|
||||
"""Detect mismatches between source workstation and expected host."""
|
||||
account_workstations = defaultdict(set)
|
||||
for logon in ntlm_logons:
|
||||
if logon["account"] and not logon["account"].endswith("$"):
|
||||
key = f"{logon['domain']}\\{logon['account']}"
|
||||
account_workstations[key].add(logon["workstation"])
|
||||
mismatches = []
|
||||
for account, workstations in account_workstations.items():
|
||||
if len(workstations) >= 3:
|
||||
mismatches.append({
|
||||
"account": account,
|
||||
"unique_workstations": len(workstations),
|
||||
"workstations": list(workstations),
|
||||
"indicator": "Account used from multiple workstations (PTH spread)",
|
||||
admin_sources = defaultdict(int)
|
||||
for evt in events:
|
||||
if evt.get("account", "").lower() in ("administrator", "admin"):
|
||||
admin_sources[evt.get("source_ip", "")] += 1
|
||||
for src, count in admin_sources.items():
|
||||
if count >= 2 and src not in LEGITIMATE_SOURCES:
|
||||
findings.append({
|
||||
"type": "admin_ntlm", "source_ip": src,
|
||||
"logon_count": count, "severity": "HIGH", "mitre": "T1550.002",
|
||||
})
|
||||
return mismatches
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def generate_report(ntlm_logons, pth_candidates, chains, mismatches):
|
||||
"""Generate Pass-the-Hash detection report."""
|
||||
report = {
|
||||
"timestamp": datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
|
||||
"total_ntlm_logons": len(ntlm_logons),
|
||||
"pth_candidates": len(pth_candidates),
|
||||
"lateral_movement_chains": len(chains),
|
||||
"workstation_mismatches": len(mismatches),
|
||||
"high_confidence_pth": [p for p in pth_candidates if p.get("confidence", 0) >= 75],
|
||||
"chain_details": chains,
|
||||
"mismatch_details": mismatches,
|
||||
"sample_pth_events": pth_candidates[:20],
|
||||
}
|
||||
total = len(pth_candidates) + len(chains)
|
||||
print(f"PTH DETECTION: {len(pth_candidates)} candidates, {len(chains)} lateral chains")
|
||||
return report
|
||||
return findings
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def main():
|
||||
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Pass-the-Hash Detection Agent")
|
||||
parser.add_argument("--evtx-file", required=True, help="Path to Security EVTX file")
|
||||
parser.add_argument("--output", default="pth_report.json")
|
||||
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Pass-the-Hash Detector")
|
||||
parser.add_argument("--security-log", required=True, help="Windows Security EVTX")
|
||||
parser.add_argument("--target-threshold", type=int, default=3)
|
||||
args = parser.parse_args()
|
||||
|
||||
ntlm_logons = parse_ntlm_logons(args.evtx_file)
|
||||
pth_candidates = detect_pth_indicators(ntlm_logons)
|
||||
chains = detect_lateral_movement_chains(ntlm_logons)
|
||||
mismatches = detect_workstation_mismatch(ntlm_logons)
|
||||
|
||||
report = generate_report(ntlm_logons, pth_candidates, chains, mismatches)
|
||||
with open(args.output, "w") as f:
|
||||
json.dump(report, f, indent=2)
|
||||
logger.info("Report saved to %s", args.output)
|
||||
events = parse_logon_events(args.security_log)
|
||||
findings = detect_pth_patterns(events, args.target_threshold)
|
||||
ntlm_count = len(events) if isinstance(events, list) else 0
|
||||
results = {
|
||||
"timestamp": datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + "Z",
|
||||
"total_ntlm_type3_logons": ntlm_count,
|
||||
"findings": findings, "total_findings": len(findings),
|
||||
}
|
||||
print(json.dumps(results, indent=2))
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user