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@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
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---
|
||||
name: hunting-for-process-injection-techniques
|
||||
description: Detect process injection techniques (T1055) including CreateRemoteThread, process hollowing, and DLL injection via Sysmon Event IDs 8 and 10 and EDR process telemetry
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||||
domain: cybersecurity
|
||||
subdomain: threat-hunting
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||||
tags: [process-injection, t1055, sysmon, createremotethread, dll-injection, edr, threat-hunting]
|
||||
version: "1.0"
|
||||
author: mahipal
|
||||
license: Apache-2.0
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
# Hunting for Process Injection Techniques
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## Overview
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||||
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||||
Process injection (MITRE ATT&CK T1055) allows adversaries to execute code in the address space of another process, enabling defense evasion and privilege escalation. This skill detects injection techniques via Sysmon Event ID 8 (CreateRemoteThread), Event ID 10 (ProcessAccess with suspicious access rights), and analysis of source-target process relationships to distinguish legitimate from malicious injection.
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|
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## Prerequisites
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- Sysmon installed with Event IDs 8 and 10 enabled
|
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- Process creation logs (Sysmon Event ID 1 or Windows 4688)
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- Python 3.8+ with standard library
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- JSON-formatted Sysmon event logs
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|
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## Steps
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1. **Parse Sysmon Events** — Ingest Event IDs 1, 8, and 10 from JSON log files
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||||
2. **Detect CreateRemoteThread** — Flag Event ID 8 with suspicious source-target process pairs
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3. **Analyze ProcessAccess Rights** — Identify Event ID 10 with dangerous access masks (PROCESS_VM_WRITE, PROCESS_CREATE_THREAD)
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||||
4. **Build Process Relationship Graph** — Map source-to-target injection relationships
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||||
5. **Filter Known Legitimate Pairs** — Exclude known benign injection patterns (AV, debuggers, system processes)
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||||
6. **Score Injection Severity** — Apply risk scoring based on source process, target process, and access rights
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7. **Generate Hunt Report** — Produce structured report with MITRE sub-technique mapping
|
||||
|
||||
## Expected Output
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||||
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- JSON report of detected injection events with severity scores
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||||
- Process injection relationship graph
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||||
- MITRE ATT&CK sub-technique mapping (T1055.001-T1055.012)
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- False positive exclusion recommendations
|
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@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
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# Process Injection Detection API Reference
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## Sysmon Event ID 8 — CreateRemoteThread
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```xml
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<EventID>8</EventID>
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<Data Name="SourceImage">C:\Users\attacker\malware.exe</Data>
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<Data Name="TargetImage">C:\Windows\System32\svchost.exe</Data>
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<Data Name="StartFunction">LoadLibraryA</Data>
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<Data Name="StartModule">C:\Users\attacker\evil.dll</Data>
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<Data Name="NewThreadId">12345</Data>
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<Data Name="SourceProcessId">1234</Data>
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<Data Name="TargetProcessId">5678</Data>
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```
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## Sysmon Event ID 10 — ProcessAccess
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```xml
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<EventID>10</EventID>
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<Data Name="SourceImage">C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe</Data>
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<Data Name="TargetImage">C:\Windows\System32\lsass.exe</Data>
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<Data Name="GrantedAccess">0x1F0FFF</Data>
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<Data Name="SourceProcessId">4444</Data>
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<Data Name="TargetProcessId">680</Data>
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```
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## Dangerous Access Rights Masks
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| Hex Value | Meaning | Risk |
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|-----------|---------|------|
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| `0x1F0FFF` | PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS | Critical |
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| `0x0020` | PROCESS_VM_WRITE | High |
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| `0x0008` | PROCESS_VM_OPERATION | High |
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| `0x0002` | PROCESS_CREATE_THREAD | High |
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| `0x001A` | VM_WRITE + VM_OPERATION + CREATE_THREAD | Critical |
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| `0x143A` | Classic injection rights combo | Critical |
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| `0x0040` | PROCESS_DUP_HANDLE | Medium |
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| `0x0010` | PROCESS_VM_READ | Low |
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## Sysmon Configuration for Injection Detection
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```xml
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<Sysmon schemaversion="4.90">
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<EventFiltering>
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<!-- CreateRemoteThread -->
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<CreateRemoteThread onmatch="exclude">
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<SourceImage condition="is">C:\Windows\System32\csrss.exe</SourceImage>
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</CreateRemoteThread>
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<!-- ProcessAccess to LSASS -->
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<ProcessAccess onmatch="include">
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<TargetImage condition="is">C:\Windows\System32\lsass.exe</TargetImage>
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</ProcessAccess>
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</EventFiltering>
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</Sysmon>
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```
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## Splunk Detection Queries
|
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```spl
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# CreateRemoteThread from Office apps
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index=sysmon EventCode=8
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| where match(SourceImage, "(?i)(winword|excel|powerpnt|outlook)\.exe$")
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| table _time SourceImage TargetImage StartFunction User
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# Suspicious ProcessAccess to LSASS
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index=sysmon EventCode=10 TargetImage="*lsass.exe"
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GrantedAccess IN ("0x1F0FFF", "0x143A", "0x001A")
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||||
| where NOT match(SourceImage, "(?i)(csrss|MsMpEng|avp)\.exe$")
|
||||
| stats count by SourceImage GrantedAccess
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||||
```
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||||
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## MITRE ATT&CK T1055 Sub-techniques
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| ID | Name | API Calls |
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|----|------|-----------|
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| T1055.001 | DLL Injection | CreateRemoteThread, LoadLibrary |
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| T1055.002 | PE Injection | VirtualAllocEx, WriteProcessMemory |
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| T1055.003 | Thread Execution Hijacking | SuspendThread, SetThreadContext |
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||||
| T1055.004 | APC Injection | QueueUserAPC |
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||||
| T1055.005 | Thread Local Storage | TLS callbacks |
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||||
| T1055.012 | Process Hollowing | NtUnmapViewOfSection, WriteProcessMemory |
|
||||
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||||
## Atomic Red Team Tests
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||||
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||||
```bash
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# T1055.001 - DLL Injection via CreateRemoteThread
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Invoke-AtomicTest T1055.001
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# T1055.012 - Process Hollowing
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Invoke-AtomicTest T1055.012
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```
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@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
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"""Detect process injection techniques (T1055) via Sysmon Event IDs 8 and 10."""
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import json
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import argparse
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||||
from datetime import datetime
|
||||
from collections import defaultdict
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||||
|
||||
LEGITIMATE_INJECTION_PAIRS = {
|
||||
("csrss.exe", "svchost.exe"), ("lsass.exe", "svchost.exe"),
|
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("services.exe", "svchost.exe"), ("smss.exe", "csrss.exe"),
|
||||
("wininit.exe", "services.exe"), ("svchost.exe", "runtimebroker.exe"),
|
||||
("msmpeng.exe", "svchost.exe"), # Windows Defender
|
||||
("mbamservice.exe", "svchost.exe"), # Malwarebytes
|
||||
("avp.exe", "svchost.exe"), # Kaspersky
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
SUSPICIOUS_SOURCE_PROCESSES = {
|
||||
"powershell.exe", "powershell_ise.exe", "pwsh.exe", "cmd.exe",
|
||||
"wscript.exe", "cscript.exe", "mshta.exe", "rundll32.exe",
|
||||
"regsvr32.exe", "msbuild.exe", "installutil.exe",
|
||||
"winword.exe", "excel.exe", "powerpnt.exe",
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
HIGH_VALUE_TARGETS = {
|
||||
"lsass.exe", "svchost.exe", "explorer.exe", "winlogon.exe",
|
||||
"csrss.exe", "services.exe", "spoolsv.exe", "taskhost.exe",
|
||||
"dllhost.exe", "wininit.exe",
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
DANGEROUS_ACCESS_RIGHTS = {
|
||||
"0x1F0FFF": "PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS",
|
||||
"0x001F0FFF": "PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS",
|
||||
"0x1FFFFF": "PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS",
|
||||
"0x0040": "PROCESS_DUP_HANDLE",
|
||||
"0x0020": "PROCESS_VM_WRITE",
|
||||
"0x0008": "PROCESS_VM_OPERATION",
|
||||
"0x0002": "PROCESS_CREATE_THREAD",
|
||||
"0x001A": "PROCESS_VM_WRITE|PROCESS_VM_OPERATION|PROCESS_CREATE_THREAD",
|
||||
"0x143A": "CLASSIC_INJECTION_RIGHTS",
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
INJECTION_SUBTECHNIQUES = {
|
||||
"CreateRemoteThread": {"id": "T1055.001", "name": "DLL Injection"},
|
||||
"NtWriteVirtualMemory": {"id": "T1055.001", "name": "DLL Injection"},
|
||||
"QueueUserAPC": {"id": "T1055.004", "name": "APC Injection"},
|
||||
"NtMapViewOfSection": {"id": "T1055.012", "name": "Process Hollowing"},
|
||||
"SetWindowsHookEx": {"id": "T1055.001", "name": "DLL Injection via Hook"},
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def parse_sysmon_events(log_path):
|
||||
"""Parse Sysmon JSON events, focusing on Event IDs 1, 8, and 10."""
|
||||
events = {"process_create": [], "create_remote_thread": [], "process_access": []}
|
||||
with open(log_path) as f:
|
||||
for line in f:
|
||||
line = line.strip()
|
||||
if not line:
|
||||
continue
|
||||
try:
|
||||
event = json.loads(line)
|
||||
except json.JSONDecodeError:
|
||||
continue
|
||||
event_id = event.get("EventID", event.get("event_id", 0))
|
||||
if event_id == 1:
|
||||
events["process_create"].append(event)
|
||||
elif event_id == 8:
|
||||
events["create_remote_thread"].append(event)
|
||||
elif event_id == 10:
|
||||
events["process_access"].append(event)
|
||||
return events
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def detect_remote_thread_injection(events):
|
||||
"""Detect suspicious CreateRemoteThread (Sysmon Event ID 8)."""
|
||||
detections = []
|
||||
for event in events:
|
||||
source_image = event.get("SourceImage", "").lower()
|
||||
target_image = event.get("TargetImage", "").lower()
|
||||
source_name = source_image.rsplit("\\", 1)[-1] if "\\" in source_image else source_image
|
||||
target_name = target_image.rsplit("\\", 1)[-1] if "\\" in target_image else target_image
|
||||
|
||||
if (source_name, target_name) in LEGITIMATE_INJECTION_PAIRS:
|
||||
continue
|
||||
|
||||
severity = "medium"
|
||||
if source_name in SUSPICIOUS_SOURCE_PROCESSES:
|
||||
severity = "high"
|
||||
if target_name in HIGH_VALUE_TARGETS:
|
||||
severity = "critical" if severity == "high" else "high"
|
||||
|
||||
start_function = event.get("StartFunction", "")
|
||||
start_module = event.get("StartModule", "")
|
||||
subtechnique = INJECTION_SUBTECHNIQUES.get("CreateRemoteThread", {})
|
||||
|
||||
detections.append({
|
||||
"event_id": 8,
|
||||
"timestamp": event.get("UtcTime", event.get("TimeCreated", "")),
|
||||
"source_image": event.get("SourceImage", ""),
|
||||
"target_image": event.get("TargetImage", ""),
|
||||
"start_function": start_function,
|
||||
"start_module": start_module,
|
||||
"source_pid": event.get("SourceProcessId", ""),
|
||||
"target_pid": event.get("TargetProcessId", ""),
|
||||
"new_thread_id": event.get("NewThreadId", ""),
|
||||
"user": event.get("User", "unknown"),
|
||||
"severity": severity,
|
||||
"mitre_technique": subtechnique.get("id", "T1055"),
|
||||
"mitre_name": subtechnique.get("name", "Process Injection"),
|
||||
"indicator": f"CreateRemoteThread: {source_name} -> {target_name}",
|
||||
})
|
||||
return detections
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def detect_suspicious_process_access(events):
|
||||
"""Detect suspicious ProcessAccess (Sysmon Event ID 10)."""
|
||||
detections = []
|
||||
for event in events:
|
||||
source_image = event.get("SourceImage", "").lower()
|
||||
target_image = event.get("TargetImage", "").lower()
|
||||
source_name = source_image.rsplit("\\", 1)[-1] if "\\" in source_image else source_image
|
||||
target_name = target_image.rsplit("\\", 1)[-1] if "\\" in target_image else target_image
|
||||
granted_access = event.get("GrantedAccess", "").lower()
|
||||
|
||||
if (source_name, target_name) in LEGITIMATE_INJECTION_PAIRS:
|
||||
continue
|
||||
|
||||
access_label = DANGEROUS_ACCESS_RIGHTS.get(granted_access, "")
|
||||
if not access_label and granted_access not in {"0x1f0fff", "0x001a", "0x143a", "0x0020"}:
|
||||
continue
|
||||
|
||||
severity = "medium"
|
||||
if source_name in SUSPICIOUS_SOURCE_PROCESSES:
|
||||
severity = "high"
|
||||
if target_name == "lsass.exe":
|
||||
severity = "critical"
|
||||
if "ALL_ACCESS" in access_label:
|
||||
severity = "critical"
|
||||
|
||||
detections.append({
|
||||
"event_id": 10,
|
||||
"timestamp": event.get("UtcTime", event.get("TimeCreated", "")),
|
||||
"source_image": event.get("SourceImage", ""),
|
||||
"target_image": event.get("TargetImage", ""),
|
||||
"granted_access": granted_access,
|
||||
"access_label": access_label,
|
||||
"source_pid": event.get("SourceProcessId", ""),
|
||||
"target_pid": event.get("TargetProcessId", ""),
|
||||
"user": event.get("User", "unknown"),
|
||||
"severity": severity,
|
||||
"mitre_technique": "T1055",
|
||||
"indicator": f"Suspicious process access: {source_name} -> {target_name} ({access_label})",
|
||||
})
|
||||
return detections
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def build_injection_graph(thread_detections, access_detections):
|
||||
"""Build a source->target injection relationship graph."""
|
||||
graph = defaultdict(lambda: {"targets": set(), "event_count": 0})
|
||||
for d in thread_detections + access_detections:
|
||||
src = d["source_image"].rsplit("\\", 1)[-1] if "\\" in d["source_image"] else d["source_image"]
|
||||
tgt = d["target_image"].rsplit("\\", 1)[-1] if "\\" in d["target_image"] else d["target_image"]
|
||||
graph[src]["targets"].add(tgt)
|
||||
graph[src]["event_count"] += 1
|
||||
return {src: {"targets": list(info["targets"]), "event_count": info["event_count"]}
|
||||
for src, info in graph.items()}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def generate_report(events, thread_detections, access_detections, injection_graph, log_path):
|
||||
"""Generate process injection hunt report."""
|
||||
all_detections = thread_detections + access_detections
|
||||
severity_counts = defaultdict(int)
|
||||
for d in all_detections:
|
||||
severity_counts[d["severity"]] += 1
|
||||
return {
|
||||
"report_time": datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
|
||||
"log_source": log_path,
|
||||
"events_parsed": {
|
||||
"process_create": len(events["process_create"]),
|
||||
"create_remote_thread": len(events["create_remote_thread"]),
|
||||
"process_access": len(events["process_access"]),
|
||||
},
|
||||
"total_detections": len(all_detections),
|
||||
"severity_summary": dict(severity_counts),
|
||||
"create_remote_thread_detections": thread_detections,
|
||||
"process_access_detections": access_detections,
|
||||
"injection_graph": injection_graph,
|
||||
"mitre_techniques": ["T1055", "T1055.001", "T1055.004", "T1055.012"],
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def main():
|
||||
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Process Injection Detection Agent (T1055)")
|
||||
parser.add_argument("--log-file", required=True, help="Sysmon JSON event log file")
|
||||
parser.add_argument("--output", default="process_injection_report.json")
|
||||
args = parser.parse_args()
|
||||
|
||||
events = parse_sysmon_events(args.log_file)
|
||||
thread_detections = detect_remote_thread_injection(events["create_remote_thread"])
|
||||
access_detections = detect_suspicious_process_access(events["process_access"])
|
||||
injection_graph = build_injection_graph(thread_detections, access_detections)
|
||||
|
||||
report = generate_report(events, thread_detections, access_detections, injection_graph, args.log_file)
|
||||
with open(args.output, "w") as f:
|
||||
json.dump(report, f, indent=2, default=str)
|
||||
total = len(thread_detections) + len(access_detections)
|
||||
print(f"[+] Parsed {sum(len(v) for v in events.values())} Sysmon events")
|
||||
print(f"[+] CreateRemoteThread: {len(thread_detections)} | ProcessAccess: {len(access_detections)}")
|
||||
print(f"[+] Total injections detected: {total}")
|
||||
print(f"[+] Report saved to {args.output}")
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||
main()
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user