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feat: add 5 new cybersecurity skills - Azure storage audit, supply chain simulation, Azure PIM, Empire artifacts, NTLM relay
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name: hunting-for-ntlm-relay-attacks
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description: Detect NTLM relay attacks by analyzing Windows Event 4624 logon type 3 with NTLMSSP authentication, identifying IP-to-hostname mismatches, Responder traffic signatures, SMB signing status, and suspicious authentication patterns across the domain.
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domain: cybersecurity
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subdomain: threat-hunting
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tags: [NTLM-relay, Windows-events, Event-4624, NTLMSSP, Responder, SMB-signing, credential-access, T1557.001, Active-Directory]
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version: "1.0"
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author: mahipal
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license: Apache-2.0
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---
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# Hunting for NTLM Relay Attacks
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## Overview
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NTLM relay attacks intercept and forward NTLM authentication messages to gain unauthorized access to network resources. Attackers use tools like Responder for LLMNR/NBT-NS poisoning and ntlmrelayx for credential relay. This skill detects relay activity by querying Windows Security Event 4624 (successful logon) for type 3 network logons with NTLMSSP authentication, identifying mismatches between WorkstationName and source IpAddress, detecting rapid multi-host authentication from single accounts, and auditing SMB signing configuration across domain hosts.
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## Prerequisites
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- Python 3.9+ with Windows Event Log access or exported logs
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- Windows Security audit logging enabled (Event ID 4624, 4625, 5145)
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- Network access for SMB signing status checks
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## Key Detection Areas
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1. **IP-hostname mismatch** — WorkstationName in Event 4624 does not resolve to the source IpAddress
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2. **NTLMSSP authentication** — logon events using NTLM instead of Kerberos from domain-joined hosts
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3. **Machine account relay** — computer accounts (ending in $) authenticating from unexpected IPs
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4. **Rapid authentication** — single account authenticating to multiple hosts within seconds
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5. **Named pipe access** — Event 5145 showing access to Spoolss, lsarpc, netlogon, samr pipes
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6. **SMB signing disabled** — hosts not enforcing SMB signing, enabling relay attacks
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## Output
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JSON report with suspected relay events, IP-hostname correlation anomalies, SMB signing audit results, and MITRE ATT&CK mapping to T1557.001.
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