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Production hardening: security fixes, code quality, 724 skills complete

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- Fix 25 shell=True subprocess calls with list-based commands
- Fix 49 verify=False in defensive skills (env-var override)
- Add timeout to 231 HTTP/subprocess/socket calls
- Fix 6 SQL injection patterns with whitelist validation
- Replace 8 __import__() with standard imports
- Remove 701 unused imports across 442 files
- Add authorized-testing disclaimers to all offensive skills
- Complete 11 incomplete skill directories
- Expand 10 stub SKILL.md files with full content
- Fix 2 YAML parse errors in frontmatter
- Fix 5 pre-existing syntax errors
- Convert 22 hardcoded paths/ports to environment variables
- Back up 21 redundant skill pairs to .bak
- Fix 2 global declaration errors
- 724/724 skills with full folder anatomy (SKILL.md + agent.py + api-reference.md + LICENSE)
- 0 compile errors across all 724 agent.py files
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skills/implementing-email-security-with-dmarc-dkim-spf.bak/LICENSE
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skills/implementing-email-security-with-dmarc-dkim-spf.bak/SKILL.md
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---
name: implementing-email-security-with-dmarc-dkim-spf
description: >-
Audit and validate email authentication configurations by checking SPF, DKIM,
and DMARC DNS records for a domain. Uses dnspython to query TXT records,
validates SPF syntax and lookup counts, verifies DKIM selector records,
parses DMARC policies, and identifies misconfigurations that enable email
spoofing. Generates remediation recommendations.
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: security-operations
tags: [implementing, email, security, with]
version: "1.0"
author: mahipal
license: Apache-2.0
---
## Instructions
1. Install dependencies: `pip install dnspython checkdmarc`
2. Provide target domain(s) to audit.
3. Run the agent to check email security:
- Query and validate SPF records (syntax, mechanism count, includes, redirect)
- Check DKIM records for common selectors (google, default, selector1, selector2)
- Parse DMARC records (policy, subdomain policy, reporting URIs, alignment)
- Identify misconfigurations enabling spoofing
- Generate remediation recommendations
```bash
python scripts/agent.py --domain example.com --output email_security_report.json
```
## Examples
### Email Security Audit Result
```
Domain: example.com
SPF: v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all (WARN: softfail allows spoofing)
DKIM: selector1 OK, selector2 OK
DMARC: v=DMARC1; p=none; rua=mailto:dmarc@example.com (WARN: policy=none, no enforcement)
Risk: HIGH - p=none with ~all allows email spoofing
```
skills/implementing-email-security-with-dmarc-dkim-spf.bak/references/api-reference.md
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# API Reference: Email Security (SPF/DKIM/DMARC)
## dnspython TXT Query
```python
import dns.resolver
answers = dns.resolver.resolve("example.com", "TXT")
for rdata in answers:
txt = b"".join(rdata.strings).decode("utf-8")
```
## SPF Record Format
```
v=spf1 [mechanisms] [qualifier]all
```
| Mechanism | Example | Description |
|-----------|---------|-------------|
| `include:` | `include:_spf.google.com` | Include other SPF record |
| `ip4:` | `ip4:203.0.113.0/24` | Allow IPv4 range |
| `ip6:` | `ip6:2001:db8::/32` | Allow IPv6 range |
| `a:` | `a:mail.example.com` | Allow A record IP |
| `mx:` | `mx:example.com` | Allow MX record IPs |
| `redirect=` | `redirect=_spf.example.com` | Redirect to another SPF |
| Qualifier | Meaning | Effect |
|-----------|---------|--------|
| `-all` | Fail | Reject unauthorized senders |
| `~all` | Softfail | Accept but mark |
| `?all` | Neutral | No policy |
| `+all` | Pass | Allow all (insecure) |
**Limit**: Max 10 DNS lookups (includes, a, mx, ptr, exists, redirect).
## DKIM Record Query
```
{selector}._domainkey.{domain} TXT
```
```
v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEB...
```
| Tag | Description |
|-----|-------------|
| `v` | Version (DKIM1) |
| `k` | Key type (rsa, ed25519) |
| `p` | Public key (Base64) |
| `t` | Flags (y=testing, s=strict) |
Common selectors: `google`, `default`, `selector1`, `selector2`, `k1`, `mail`, `dkim`, `s1`, `s2`, `mandrill`, `smtpapi`
## DMARC Record Query
```
_dmarc.{domain} TXT
```
```
v=DMARC1; p=reject; rua=mailto:dmarc@example.com; pct=100
```
| Tag | Values | Description |
|-----|--------|-------------|
| `p` | none/quarantine/reject | Policy for domain |
| `sp` | none/quarantine/reject | Subdomain policy |
| `pct` | 0-100 | Percentage of messages to apply policy |
| `rua` | mailto:URI | Aggregate report destination |
| `ruf` | mailto:URI | Forensic report destination |
| `adkim` | r/s | DKIM alignment (relaxed/strict) |
| `aspf` | r/s | SPF alignment (relaxed/strict) |
## Risk Scoring
| Condition | Score |
|-----------|-------|
| No SPF record | +40 critical |
| SPF +all | +40 critical |
| SPF ~all | +10 medium |
| No DKIM | +25 high |
| No DMARC | +40 critical |
| DMARC p=none | +25 high |
| DMARC pct < 100 | +10 medium |
skills/implementing-email-security-with-dmarc-dkim-spf.bak/scripts/agent.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Email Security Audit Agent - Validates SPF, DKIM, and DMARC DNS records for domains."""
import json
import re
import logging
import argparse
from datetime import datetime
import dns.resolver
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format="%(asctime)s [%(levelname)s] %(message)s")
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
DKIM_SELECTORS = [
"default", "google", "selector1", "selector2", "k1", "k2",
"mail", "dkim", "s1", "s2", "mandrill", "everlytickey1",
"smtpapi", "pic", "protonmail", "protonmail2", "protonmail3",
]
def query_txt_records(domain, prefix=""):
"""Query TXT DNS records for a domain."""
fqdn = f"{prefix}.{domain}" if prefix else domain
try:
answers = dns.resolver.resolve(fqdn, "TXT")
records = []
for rdata in answers:
txt = b"".join(rdata.strings).decode("utf-8", errors="ignore")
records.append(txt)
return records
except (dns.resolver.NXDOMAIN, dns.resolver.NoAnswer, dns.resolver.NoNameservers, dns.exception.Timeout):
return []
def check_spf(domain):
"""Check and validate SPF record."""
records = query_txt_records(domain)
spf_records = [r for r in records if r.startswith("v=spf1")]
if not spf_records:
return {"status": "missing", "severity": "critical", "issues": ["No SPF record found"], "record": None}
if len(spf_records) > 1:
issues = ["Multiple SPF records found (RFC violation, causes permerror)"]
else:
issues = []
spf = spf_records[0]
mechanisms = spf.split()
include_count = sum(1 for m in mechanisms if m.startswith("include:"))
has_all = any(m in ("~all", "-all", "+all", "?all") for m in mechanisms)
if "+all" in mechanisms:
issues.append("SPF uses +all (allows any sender - completely open)")
severity = "critical"
elif "?all" in mechanisms:
issues.append("SPF uses ?all (neutral - no protection)")
severity = "high"
elif "~all" in mechanisms:
issues.append("SPF uses ~all (softfail - mail accepted but marked)")
severity = "medium"
elif "-all" in mechanisms:
severity = "low"
elif not has_all:
issues.append("SPF record missing -all qualifier")
severity = "high"
else:
severity = "low"
if include_count > 10:
issues.append(f"SPF has {include_count} includes (>10 DNS lookups causes permerror)")
severity = "high"
lookup_mechanisms = sum(1 for m in mechanisms if any(m.startswith(p) for p in ("include:", "a:", "mx:", "ptr:", "exists:", "redirect=")))
if lookup_mechanisms > 10:
issues.append(f"SPF exceeds 10 DNS lookup limit ({lookup_mechanisms} lookups)")
return {
"status": "found",
"record": spf,
"mechanism_count": len(mechanisms),
"include_count": include_count,
"dns_lookups": lookup_mechanisms,
"qualifier": next((m for m in mechanisms if m.endswith("all")), "none"),
"severity": severity,
"issues": issues,
}
def check_dkim(domain, selectors=None):
"""Check DKIM records for common selectors."""
if selectors is None:
selectors = DKIM_SELECTORS
found_selectors = []
for selector in selectors:
records = query_txt_records(domain, prefix=f"{selector}._domainkey")
dkim_records = [r for r in records if "v=DKIM1" in r or "k=rsa" in r or "p=" in r]
if dkim_records:
record = dkim_records[0]
key_match = re.search(r"p=([A-Za-z0-9+/=]+)", record)
key_length = len(key_match.group(1)) * 6 // 8 if key_match else 0
issues = []
if key_length and key_length < 128:
issues.append(f"DKIM key too short ({key_length} bytes, minimum 1024 bits recommended)")
if "p=" in record and not key_match:
issues.append("DKIM public key appears empty (revoked)")
found_selectors.append({
"selector": selector,
"record": record[:200],
"key_size_bytes": key_length,
"issues": issues,
})
if not found_selectors:
return {
"status": "not_found",
"severity": "high",
"issues": ["No DKIM records found for any common selector"],
"selectors_checked": len(selectors),
"selectors_found": [],
}
return {
"status": "found",
"severity": "low",
"selectors_checked": len(selectors),
"selectors_found": found_selectors,
"issues": [i for s in found_selectors for i in s["issues"]],
}
def check_dmarc(domain):
"""Check and validate DMARC record."""
records = query_txt_records(domain, prefix="_dmarc")
dmarc_records = [r for r in records if r.startswith("v=DMARC1")]
if not dmarc_records:
return {"status": "missing", "severity": "critical", "issues": ["No DMARC record found"], "record": None}
dmarc = dmarc_records[0]
tags = {}
for part in dmarc.split(";"):
part = part.strip()
if "=" in part:
key, val = part.split("=", 1)
tags[key.strip()] = val.strip()
issues = []
policy = tags.get("p", "none")
subdomain_policy = tags.get("sp", policy)
pct = int(tags.get("pct", "100"))
rua = tags.get("rua", "")
ruf = tags.get("ruf", "")
adkim = tags.get("adkim", "r")
aspf = tags.get("aspf", "r")
if policy == "none":
issues.append("DMARC policy is 'none' - no enforcement (monitoring only)")
severity = "high"
elif policy == "quarantine":
severity = "medium" if pct < 100 else "low"
if pct < 100:
issues.append(f"DMARC only applied to {pct}% of messages")
elif policy == "reject":
severity = "low"
if pct < 100:
issues.append(f"DMARC reject only applied to {pct}% of messages")
severity = "medium"
else:
severity = "high"
issues.append(f"Unknown DMARC policy: {policy}")
if not rua:
issues.append("No aggregate report URI (rua) configured")
if not ruf:
issues.append("No forensic report URI (ruf) configured")
if adkim == "r":
issues.append("DKIM alignment is relaxed (adkim=r)")
if aspf == "r":
issues.append("SPF alignment is relaxed (aspf=r)")
return {
"status": "found",
"record": dmarc,
"policy": policy,
"subdomain_policy": subdomain_policy,
"percentage": pct,
"aggregate_report": rua,
"forensic_report": ruf,
"dkim_alignment": adkim,
"spf_alignment": aspf,
"severity": severity,
"issues": issues,
}
def compute_risk_score(spf, dkim, dmarc):
"""Compute overall email security risk score."""
severity_scores = {"critical": 40, "high": 25, "medium": 10, "low": 0}
score = 0
score += severity_scores.get(spf["severity"], 0)
score += severity_scores.get(dkim["severity"], 0)
score += severity_scores.get(dmarc["severity"], 0)
if spf["status"] == "missing":
score += 20
if dmarc.get("policy") == "none":
score += 15
if score >= 60:
risk = "CRITICAL"
elif score >= 35:
risk = "HIGH"
elif score >= 15:
risk = "MEDIUM"
else:
risk = "LOW"
return {"score": score, "risk_level": risk}
def generate_report(domain, spf, dkim, dmarc, risk):
"""Generate email security audit report."""
all_issues = spf.get("issues", []) + dkim.get("issues", []) + dmarc.get("issues", [])
report = {
"timestamp": datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
"domain": domain,
"risk_assessment": risk,
"spf": spf,
"dkim": dkim,
"dmarc": dmarc,
"total_issues": len(all_issues),
"all_issues": all_issues,
}
print(f"EMAIL SECURITY [{domain}]: Risk={risk['risk_level']} Score={risk['score']} Issues={len(all_issues)}")
return report
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Email Security Audit Agent (SPF/DKIM/DMARC)")
parser.add_argument("--domain", required=True, help="Domain to audit")
parser.add_argument("--dkim-selectors", nargs="*", help="Custom DKIM selectors to check")
parser.add_argument("--output", default="email_security_report.json")
args = parser.parse_args()
spf = check_spf(args.domain)
logger.info("SPF: %s (severity: %s)", spf["status"], spf["severity"])
dkim = check_dkim(args.domain, args.dkim_selectors)
logger.info("DKIM: %s (%d selectors found)", dkim["status"], len(dkim.get("selectors_found", [])))
dmarc = check_dmarc(args.domain)
logger.info("DMARC: %s (severity: %s)", dmarc["status"], dmarc["severity"])
risk = compute_risk_score(spf, dkim, dmarc)
report = generate_report(args.domain, spf, dkim, dmarc, risk)
with open(args.output, "w") as f:
json.dump(report, f, indent=2)
logger.info("Report saved to %s", args.output)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()