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API Reference: Testing WebSocket API Security
WebSocket Attack Surface
| Attack | Severity | Description |
|---|---|---|
| CSWSH | Critical | Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking via Origin |
| No authentication | High | Connection without credentials accepted |
| Channel auth bypass | High | Subscribe to privileged channels |
| Injection via messages | Medium | SQL/XSS/command injection in payloads |
| Message flooding | Medium | DoS through rapid message sending |
| Prototype pollution | Medium | __proto__ payload in JSON messages |
WebSocket Handshake Headers
| Header | Direction | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Upgrade: websocket | Request | Protocol upgrade request |
| Connection: Upgrade | Request | Connection type change |
| Sec-WebSocket-Key | Request | Client nonce for handshake |
| Sec-WebSocket-Version | Request | Protocol version (13) |
| Sec-WebSocket-Accept | Response | Server handshake confirmation |
| Origin | Request | CSWSH validation target |
Injection Payload Categories
| Category | Example |
|---|---|
| Admin action | {"action":"admin","data":"test"} |
| Path traversal | {"channel":"../admin"} |
| XSS | <script>alert(1)</script> |
| SQLi | ' OR 1=1 -- |
| Prototype pollution | {"__proto__":{"isAdmin":true}} |
| Oversized message | 100KB+ payload |
Python Libraries
| Library | Version | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
websockets |
>=10.0 | Async WebSocket client |
asyncio |
stdlib | Async event loop |
requests |
>=2.28 | HTTP upgrade header check |
json |
stdlib | Message/report serialization |
References
- OWASP WebSocket Testing: https://owasp.org/www-project-web-security-testing-guide/latest/4-Web_Application_Security_Testing/11-Client-side_Testing/10-Testing_WebSockets
- PortSwigger WebSocket: https://portswigger.net/web-security/websockets
- RFC 6455: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6455