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API Reference: Testing for Email Header Injection
CRLF Encoding Variants
| Encoding | Representation | Description |
|---|---|---|
%0A |
LF | URL-encoded line feed |
%0D%0A |
CRLF | URL-encoded carriage return + line feed |
%0D |
CR | URL-encoded carriage return |
%250A |
Double-encoded LF | Bypasses single decode |
\n |
Raw LF | Direct newline character |
Injectable Headers
| Header | Impact | Severity |
|---|---|---|
| Cc: | Send copy to attacker | High |
| Bcc: | Hidden copy to attacker | High |
| From: | Email spoofing | Medium |
| Reply-To: | Phishing redirect | Medium |
| Subject: | Subject override | Low |
| Content-Type: | Body injection | High |
| To: | Additional recipients | High |
Common Injection Points
| Endpoint | Field | Risk |
|---|---|---|
| /contact | email, name, subject | Header injection |
| /share | to, from | Recipient injection |
| /invite | Mass invitation abuse | |
| /forgot-password | CC token to attacker | |
| /api/send-email | to, subject, body | Full control |
Attack Scenarios
| Scenario | Technique |
|---|---|
| Spam relay | Inject BCC with mass recipients |
| Phishing | Override From/Reply-To |
| Password reset hijack | CC reset token email |
| Content override | MIME boundary injection |
Python Libraries
| Library | Version | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
requests |
>=2.28 | HTTP form submission |
json |
stdlib | Report generation |
References
- OWASP Email Injection: https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/Email_Injection
- swaks SMTP testing: https://www.jetmore.org/john/code/swaks/
- mailhog: https://github.com/mailhog/MailHog