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API Reference: Implementing PAM for Database Access

HashiCorp Vault Database Secrets Engine

# Enable database secrets engine
vault secrets enable database

# Configure PostgreSQL connection
vault write database/config/postgresql \
  plugin_name=postgresql-database-plugin \
  connection_url="postgresql://{{username}}:{{password}}@db.example.com:5432/mydb" \
  allowed_roles="readonly,readwrite" \
  username="vault_admin" password="admin_pass"

# Create dynamic credential role
vault write database/roles/readonly \
  db_name=postgresql \
  creation_statements="CREATE ROLE \"{{name}}\" WITH LOGIN PASSWORD '{{password}}' VALID UNTIL '{{expiration}}'; GRANT SELECT ON ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA public TO \"{{name}}\";" \
  default_ttl="1h" max_ttl="24h"

# Generate dynamic credentials
vault read database/creds/readonly

hvac Python Client

import hvac
client = hvac.Client(url='http://127.0.0.1:8200', token='s.xxx')
creds = client.secrets.database.generate_credentials('readonly')
# creds['data']['username'], creds['data']['password']

CyberArk Privileged Cloud API

Endpoint Method Description
/api/Accounts?search=database GET List database accounts
/api/Accounts/{id}/Password/Retrieve POST Check out password
/api/Accounts/{id}/CheckIn POST Check in password
/api/LiveSessions GET List active PSM sessions
/api/Recordings GET List session recordings

Privileged Database Roles

Database Privileged Roles Risk
PostgreSQL pg_read_all_data, rds_superuser Critical
MySQL SUPER, ALL PRIVILEGES, GRANT OPTION Critical
Oracle DBA, SYSDBA, SYSOPER Critical
SQL Server sysadmin, db_owner, securityadmin Critical

Session Proxy Configuration

Proxy Protocol Feature
CyberArk PSM RDP/SSH Full session recording + keystroke logging
Teleport PostgreSQL/MySQL wire Query audit logging
StrongDM All major DBs Just-in-time access + approval workflow

NIST 800-53 PAM Controls

Control Description
AC-2(4) Automatic audit of account actions
AC-6(1) Authorize access to security functions
AC-6(2) Non-privileged access for non-security functions
AC-6(5) Privileged accounts for privileged functions only
AU-9 Protection of audit information

References