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API Reference: Testing API Authentication Weaknesses
JWT Security Checks
| Check | Severity | Description |
|---|---|---|
| alg:none | Critical | Signature verification bypassed |
| Weak HMAC secret | Critical | Brute-forceable signing key |
| No exp claim | High | Token never expires |
| Long TTL (>24h) | Medium | Extended token validity |
| Sensitive data in payload | High | PII in JWT claims |
| Missing iss/aud claims | Medium | Token scope ambiguity |
OWASP API2:2023 Test Points
| Test | Category |
|---|---|
| Unauthenticated endpoint access | Missing auth middleware |
| JWT alg:none bypass | Broken token validation |
| JWT secret brute-force | Weak cryptographic key |
| Token reuse after logout | Missing revocation |
| Refresh token rotation | Session management |
| Account enumeration | Information disclosure |
| Password policy bypass | Weak credential controls |
Common JWT HMAC Secrets
| Secret | Type |
|---|---|
secret |
Default |
your-256-bit-secret |
JWT.io example |
jwt_secret |
Convention |
changeme |
Placeholder |
JWT Attack Tools
| Tool | Purpose |
|---|---|
| jwt_tool | JWT testing with 12+ attack modes |
| hashcat -m 16500 | GPU JWT secret brute-force |
| Burp JWT Editor | Interactive JWT manipulation |
| Nuclei | Auth bypass templates |
Python Libraries
| Library | Version | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
requests |
>=2.28 | HTTP API calls |
base64 |
stdlib | JWT decoding |
hmac |
stdlib | HMAC signature testing |
hashlib |
stdlib | Hash functions |
References
- OWASP API Security Top 10: https://owasp.org/API-Security/
- JWT Best Practices RFC 8725: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8725
- jwt_tool: https://github.com/ticarpi/jwt_tool