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mukul975 c47eed6a64 Production hardening: security fixes, code quality, 724 skills complete

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Analyzing Malicious URL with URLScan

Overview

URLScan.io is a free service for scanning and analyzing suspicious URLs. It captures screenshots, DOM content, HTTP transactions, JavaScript behavior, and network connections of web pages in an isolated environment. This skill covers using URLScan's web interface and API to investigate phishing URLs, credential harvesting pages, and malicious redirects without exposing the analyst's system to risk.

Prerequisites

URLScan.io account (free tier available, API key for automation)
Python 3.8+ with requests library
Understanding of HTTP protocols and web technologies
Familiarity with phishing URL patterns

Key Concepts

URLScan Capabilities

Safe browsing: Renders URLs in isolated Chromium instance
Screenshot capture: Visual snapshot of the rendered page
DOM analysis: Full HTML content after JavaScript execution
Network log: All HTTP requests made by the page (HAR format)
Certificate analysis: SSL/TLS certificate details
Technology detection: Identifies web frameworks and libraries
IP/ASN mapping: Infrastructure intelligence
Verdict: Community and automated classification

Phishing URL Red Flags

Newly registered domains (< 30 days)
Free hosting services (Wix, GitHub Pages, Firebase)
URL shorteners hiding final destination
Excessive subdomain depth (login.microsoft.com.evil.com)
Brand name in subdomain or path, not domain
Non-standard ports
Data URIs or base64-encoded content
JavaScript-heavy pages with minimal HTML

Workflow

Step 1: Submit URL to URLScan

Web: Navigate to https://urlscan.io and submit the suspicious URL
API: POST https://urlscan.io/api/v1/scan/
     Header: API-Key: your-api-key
     Body: {"url": "https://suspicious-url.com", "visibility": "private"}

Step 2: Analyze Results

Review screenshot for brand impersonation
Check redirects and final destination URL
Examine DOM for credential input forms
Review network requests for data exfiltration endpoints
Check SSL certificate validity and issuer

Step 3: Extract IOCs

Domains and IPs contacted
URLs in redirect chain
SHA-256 hashes of page resources
JavaScript file hashes

Step 4: Cross-Reference with Threat Intelligence

Use the scripts/process.py to automate URL scanning, extract IOCs, and cross-reference with VirusTotal, PhishTank, and Google Safe Browsing.

Tools & Resources

URLScan.io: https://urlscan.io/
URLScan API: https://urlscan.io/docs/api/
VirusTotal URL Scanner: https://www.virustotal.com/
PhishTank: https://phishtank.org/
Google Safe Browsing: https://transparencyreport.google.com/safe-browsing/search
Any.Run: https://any.run/ (interactive sandbox)
Hybrid Analysis: https://www.hybrid-analysis.com/

Validation

Successfully scan a suspicious URL via API
Extract screenshot and identify brand impersonation
Document complete redirect chain
Generate IOC list from scan results
Cross-reference findings with at least 2 threat intelligence sources

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