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API Reference: Securing GitHub Actions Workflows

Security Checks

Check Risk Severity
Unpinned actions (mutable tags) Supply chain attack via tag overwrite Medium
Missing permissions block Inherits overly broad defaults Medium
write-all permissions Excessive token scope High
Script injection in run steps Code execution via PR title/body High
pull_request_target trigger Fork code runs with base permissions High
Secrets in workflow logs Credential exposure Critical

Dangerous Expression Contexts

Context Risk
github.event.pull_request.title Attacker-controlled PR title
github.event.pull_request.body Attacker-controlled PR body
github.event.issue.title Attacker-controlled issue title
github.event.comment.body Attacker-controlled comment
github.head_ref Attacker-controlled branch name

SHA Pinning Format

Format Security
actions/checkout@v4 Insecure - mutable tag
actions/checkout@b4ffde65f... Secure - immutable SHA

Permission Scopes

Scope Values
contents read, write
actions read, write
deployments read, write
id-token write (for OIDC)
security-events write
pull-requests read, write

Python Libraries

Library Version Purpose
yaml PyYAML >=6.0 Parse workflow YAML
re stdlib Pattern matching
json stdlib Report output
pathlib stdlib File discovery

References