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Mapped every skill to NIST CSF 2.0 subcategory IDs (GV/ID/PR/DE/RS/RC functions) based on subdomain and content analysis. Restores 11 skills corrupted during prior rebase, re-enriching with ATLAS, D3FEND, NIST AI RMF, and CSF 2.0 fields. All 754 skills now carry structured mappings for all 5 security frameworks: - MITRE ATT&CK (in tags) - MITRE ATLAS v5.5 (atlas_techniques) - MITRE D3FEND v1.3 (d3fend_techniques) - NIST AI RMF 1.0 (nist_ai_rmf) - NIST CSF 2.0 (nist_csf)
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name, description, domain, subdomain, tags, version, author, license, nist_csf
| name | description | domain | subdomain | tags | version | author | license | nist_csf | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| implementing-envelope-encryption-with-aws-kms | Envelope encryption is a strategy where data is encrypted with a data encryption key (DEK), and the DEK itself is encrypted with a master key (KEK) managed by AWS KMS. This approach allows encrypting | cybersecurity | cryptography |
|
1.0 | mahipal | Apache-2.0 |
|
Implementing Envelope Encryption with AWS KMS
Overview
Envelope encryption is a strategy where data is encrypted with a data encryption key (DEK), and the DEK itself is encrypted with a master key (KEK) managed by AWS KMS. This approach allows encrypting large volumes of data locally while keeping the master key secure in a hardware security module (HSM) managed by AWS. This skill covers implementing envelope encryption using AWS KMS GenerateDataKey API.
When to Use
- When deploying or configuring implementing envelope encryption with aws kms capabilities in your environment
- When establishing security controls aligned to compliance requirements
- When building or improving security architecture for this domain
- When conducting security assessments that require this implementation
Prerequisites
- Familiarity with cryptography concepts and tools
- Access to a test or lab environment for safe execution
- Python 3.8+ with required dependencies installed
- Appropriate authorization for any testing activities
Objectives
- Understand the envelope encryption pattern and its advantages
- Generate data encryption keys using AWS KMS GenerateDataKey
- Encrypt/decrypt data locally using DEKs
- Store encrypted DEK alongside ciphertext
- Implement key caching to reduce KMS API calls
- Handle key rotation with automatic re-encryption
- Implement multi-region encryption for disaster recovery
Key Concepts
Envelope Encryption Flow
- Call
kms:GenerateDataKeyto get plaintext DEK + encrypted DEK - Use plaintext DEK to encrypt data locally (AES-256-GCM)
- Store encrypted DEK alongside ciphertext
- Discard plaintext DEK from memory
- For decryption: call
kms:Decrypton encrypted DEK, then decrypt data
Advantages Over Direct KMS Encryption
| Aspect | Direct KMS | Envelope Encryption |
|---|---|---|
| Max data size | 4 KB | Unlimited |
| Latency | Network round-trip per operation | Local encryption |
| Cost | $0.03/10,000 requests | Fewer KMS requests |
| Offline | Not possible | Yes (with cached DEKs) |
KMS Key Types
- AWS Managed: AWS creates and manages (
aws/s3,aws/ebs) - Customer Managed: You create and manage policies
- Custom Key Store: Backed by CloudHSM cluster
Security Considerations
- Never store plaintext DEK; only keep encrypted DEK
- Use key policies to restrict who can call GenerateDataKey and Decrypt
- Enable AWS CloudTrail logging for all KMS API calls
- Implement key rotation (automatic annual rotation for CMKs)
- Use encryption context for authenticated encryption metadata
- Handle KMS throttling with exponential backoff
Validation Criteria
- GenerateDataKey returns plaintext and encrypted DEK
- Data encrypts correctly with plaintext DEK using AES-256-GCM
- Encrypted DEK can be decrypted via KMS Decrypt API
- Decrypted DEK recovers the original data
- Plaintext DEK is wiped from memory after use
- Encryption context is validated during decryption
- Key rotation re-encrypts DEKs with new master key