Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills/skills/implementing-ransomware-backup-strategy/references/standards.md

Standards & References - Ransomware Backup Strategy

Industry Standards

NIST SP 800-209: Security Guidelines for Storage Infrastructure

• Defines security controls for storage systems including backup infrastructure
• Covers access control, encryption, integrity verification, and audit logging for storage
• Section 5.3: Backup and recovery security controls

NIST IR 8374: Ransomware Risk Management

• Identifies backup as a critical control in the Recover function
• Recommends maintaining offline, encrypted backups with regular testing
• Emphasizes credential separation for backup administration

CISA #StopRansomware Guide (2023, updated 2025)

• Prescribes 3-2-1 backup rule as baseline, recommends extending to 3-2-1-1-0
• Mandates backup credential isolation from production domains
• Requires documented and tested recovery procedures

CIS Controls v8

• Control 11: Data Recovery
  • 11.1: Establish and maintain a data recovery process
  • 11.2: Perform automated backups
  • 11.3: Protect recovery data (encryption, access control)
  • 11.4: Establish and maintain an isolated instance of recovery data (air-gapped/immutable)
  • 11.5: Test data recovery

ISO 27001:2022

• A.8.13: Information backup
• A.8.14: Redundancy of information processing facilities

Regulatory Requirements

PCI DSS v4.0

• Requirement 9.4.1: Backup media physically secured
• Requirement 12.10.1: Incident response plan includes recovery procedures

HIPAA Security Rule

• 45 CFR 164.308(a)(7): Contingency plan including data backup, disaster recovery, emergency mode operation
• 45 CFR 164.312(a)(2)(ii): Emergency access procedure

SOX

• Section 302/404: Internal controls over financial reporting must include IT controls for data backup and recovery

Vendor Documentation

Veeam

• Hardened Repository Guide: https://helpcenter.veeam.com/docs/backup/vsphere/hardened_repository.html
• SureBackup: https://helpcenter.veeam.com/docs/backup/vsphere/surebackup_job.html
• Immutability: https://helpcenter.veeam.com/docs/backup/vsphere/immutability.html

AWS

• S3 Object Lock: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/object-lock.html
• AWS Backup Vault Lock: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/aws-backup/latest/devguide/vault-lock.html

Azure

• Immutable Blob Storage: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/blobs/immutable-storage-overview
• Azure Backup Immutable Vault: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/backup/backup-azure-immutable-vault-concept