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mukul975
43 lines
2.2 KiB
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43 lines
2.2 KiB
Markdown
# Standards & References: Analyzing Phishing Email Headers
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## RFC Standards
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- **RFC 5321 (SMTP)**: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - defines how email is transmitted and the structure of Received headers
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- **RFC 5322 (Internet Message Format)**: Defines the syntax of email header fields including From, To, Date, Message-ID
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- **RFC 7208 (SPF)**: Sender Policy Framework - mechanism for validating email sender IP against domain policy
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- **RFC 6376 (DKIM)**: DomainKeys Identified Mail - cryptographic authentication of email messages
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- **RFC 7489 (DMARC)**: Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting and Conformance
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- **RFC 8601 (Authentication-Results)**: Message Header Field for Indicating Message Authentication Status
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## NIST Guidelines
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- **NIST SP 800-177 Rev.1**: Trustworthy Email - comprehensive guide to email security including header authentication
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- **NIST SP 800-45 Ver.2**: Guidelines on Electronic Mail Security
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## MITRE ATT&CK References
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- **T1566.001**: Phishing: Spearphishing Attachment
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- **T1566.002**: Phishing: Spearphishing Link
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- **T1566.003**: Phishing: Spearphishing via Service
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- **T1534**: Internal Spearphishing
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## Industry Standards
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- **M3AAWG Best Practices**: Messaging, Malware and Mobile Anti-Abuse Working Group email authentication recommendations
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- **DMARC.org**: Industry consortium for DMARC deployment guidance
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- **Anti-Phishing Working Group (APWG)**: Phishing Activity Trends Reports
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## Key Header Fields Reference
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| Header Field | RFC | Purpose |
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| Received | RFC 5321 | Records each SMTP hop |
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| From | RFC 5322 | Display sender address |
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| Return-Path | RFC 5321 | Envelope sender (bounce address) |
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| Authentication-Results | RFC 8601 | SPF/DKIM/DMARC results |
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| DKIM-Signature | RFC 6376 | Cryptographic signature |
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| Message-ID | RFC 5322 | Unique message identifier |
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| X-Originating-IP | Non-standard | Sender's IP (provider-specific) |
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| X-Mailer | Non-standard | Email client identification |
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## Compliance Frameworks
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- **PCI DSS 4.0**: Requirement 5 - Protect All Systems and Networks from Malicious Software
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- **ISO 27001:2022**: A.8.23 - Web filtering; A.5.14 - Information transfer
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- **SOC 2**: CC6.1 - Logical and Physical Access Controls
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