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API Reference: Testing for Host Header Injection
Alternative Host Headers
| Header | Description |
|---|---|
X-Forwarded-Host |
Proxy-set original host |
X-Host |
Alternative host header |
X-Forwarded-Server |
Forwarded server name |
X-HTTP-Host-Override |
Host override |
Forwarded: host= |
RFC 7239 forwarded header |
X-Original-URL |
URL rewrite override |
Attack Scenarios
| Attack | Severity | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| Password reset poisoning | Critical | Token theft via poisoned link |
| Web cache poisoning | Critical | Stored XSS via cached response |
| SSRF via Host | High | Internal service access |
| Virtual host bypass | Medium | Access to other vhosts |
| Open redirect | Medium | Phishing via redirect |
Test Techniques
| Technique | Payload Example |
|---|---|
| Direct Host override | Host: evil.com |
| Alternative header | X-Forwarded-Host: evil.com |
| Port injection | Host: target.com:@evil.com |
| Double Host | Two Host headers |
| Absolute URL | GET http://target.com/ Host: evil.com |
Python Libraries
| Library | Version | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
requests |
>=2.28 | HTTP requests with custom headers |
json |
stdlib | Report generation |
References
- PortSwigger Host Header: https://portswigger.net/web-security/host-header
- OWASP Host Header: https://owasp.org/www-project-web-security-testing-guide/