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mukul975
31 lines
1.1 KiB
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31 lines
1.1 KiB
Markdown
# Standards and References - AD CS ESC1 Exploitation
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## MITRE ATT&CK References
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| Technique ID | Name | Tactic |
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|-------------|------|--------|
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| T1649 | Steal or Forge Authentication Certificates | Credential Access |
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| T1558.001 | Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets: Golden Ticket | Credential Access |
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| T1078.002 | Valid Accounts: Domain Accounts | Initial Access, Persistence |
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| T1484 | Domain Policy Modification | Defense Evasion |
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| T1087.002 | Account Discovery: Domain Account | Discovery |
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## Key Research
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- SpecterOps "Certified Pre-Owned" whitepaper by Will Schroeder and Lee Christensen (2021)
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- CrowdStrike: Investigating Active Directory Certificate Services Abuse: ESC1
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- BeyondTrust: ESC1 Attack - How to Detect and Mitigate
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- Semperis: ESC1 Attack Explained
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- HackTricks: AD CS Domain Escalation
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## CVE References
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- ESC1 is a misconfiguration, not a specific CVE
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- Related: CVE-2022-26923 (Certifried) - AD CS machine account certificate abuse
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## Remediation Standards
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- Microsoft KB5014754: Certificate-based authentication changes
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- CISA Alert: Securing AD CS deployments
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- CIS Benchmark: AD CS hardening guidelines
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