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Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills/skills/detecting-modbus-protocol-anomalies/references/api-reference.md
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mukul975 27c6414ca5 Add folder anatomy (scripts/agent.py + references/api-reference.md) for 648 cybersecurity skills
Complete skill folder anatomy across all cybersecurity skills:
- scripts/agent.py: 80-150 line Python agents using real libraries (impacket,
  boto3, azure-mgmt-*, kubernetes, pefile, yara, scapy, shodan, stix2, etc.)
- references/api-reference.md: real API documentation with method signatures
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2026-03-10 21:02:12 +01:00

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# API Reference: Detecting Modbus Protocol Anomalies
## Modbus Protocol Limits
| Parameter | Maximum Value |
|-----------|--------------|
| Coil read quantity | 2000 |
| Register read quantity | 125 |
| Register write quantity | 123 |
| Unit ID range | 1-247 |
| PDU size | 253 bytes |
## Anomaly Detection Methods
| Anomaly | Detection | Severity |
|---------|-----------|----------|
| Timing deviation | Polling interval outside tolerance | MEDIUM-HIGH |
| Excessive read | Quantity > protocol limits | HIGH |
| Invalid function code | Not in standard set | HIGH |
| Modbus scan | >5 unique function codes from source | HIGH |
| Register range violation | Address outside configured range | MEDIUM |
## Zeek Modbus Log Fields
```
#fields ts uid id.orig_h id.orig_p id.resp_h id.resp_p func exception quantity
```
## Suricata Modbus Rules
```
alert modbus any any -> any 502 (msg:"Modbus Invalid Function Code"; \
modbus: function !1,!2,!3,!4,!5,!6,!15,!16; sid:4000001;)
alert modbus any any -> any 502 (msg:"Modbus Excessive Register Read"; \
modbus: function 3; modbus: quantity > 125; sid:4000002;)
```
## Scapy Modbus Analysis
```python
from scapy.contrib.modbus import ModbusADURequest
from scapy.all import rdpcap
pkts = rdpcap("modbus.pcap")
for pkt in pkts:
if pkt.haslayer(ModbusADURequest):
print(f"FC={pkt.funcCode} Len={pkt.len}")
```
## Baseline Monitoring
```python
# Expected polling behavior
expected_interval = 1.0 # seconds
tolerance = 0.5
# Alert if interval < 0.5s or > 3.0s
```
## CLI Usage
```bash
python agent.py --modbus-log modbus.log
python agent.py --modbus-log modbus.log --expected-interval 2.0
```