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mukul975
534 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
534 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
---
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name: implementing-passwordless-auth-with-microsoft-entra
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description: >
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Implements passwordless authentication using Microsoft Entra ID with FIDO2 security keys,
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Windows Hello for Business, Microsoft Authenticator passkeys, and certificate-based
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authentication to eliminate password-based attacks.
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Activates for requests involving passwordless deployment, FIDO2 passkey configuration,
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phishing-resistant MFA, or Microsoft Entra authentication method policies.
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domain: cybersecurity
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subdomain: identity-access-management
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tags: [passwordless, FIDO2, passkeys, Microsoft-Entra, Windows-Hello, phishing-resistant-MFA]
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version: "1.0"
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author: mahipal
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license: MIT
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---
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# Implementing Passwordless Auth with Microsoft Entra
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## When to Use
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- Organization wants to eliminate password-based attacks (phishing, credential stuffing, brute force)
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- Regulatory or internal mandate requires phishing-resistant MFA (Executive Order 14028, CISA guidance)
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- Deploying FIDO2 security keys or Windows Hello for Business across the enterprise
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- Migrating from legacy MFA (SMS, phone call) to phishing-resistant authentication methods
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- Implementing passkey support for hybrid or cloud-joined Windows devices
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- Reducing helpdesk costs from password reset requests
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**Do not use** for environments that cannot support modern authentication protocols; legacy applications using NTLM or basic authentication must be migrated first.
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## Prerequisites
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- Microsoft Entra ID P1 or P2 license (Azure AD Premium)
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- Windows 10/11 22H2+ for Windows Hello for Business deployment
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- FIDO2-compliant security keys (YubiKey 5 Series, Feitian BioPass, Google Titan)
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- Microsoft Authenticator app 6.8+ for passkey support on iOS 16+/Android 14+
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- Hybrid Azure AD join or Azure AD join configured for Windows devices
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- Conditional Access policies configured for authentication strength
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## Workflow
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### Step 1: Configure Authentication Methods Policy
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Enable passwordless authentication methods in Microsoft Entra:
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```powershell
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# Connect to Microsoft Graph
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Connect-MgGraph -Scopes "Policy.ReadWrite.AuthenticationMethod", "User.ReadWrite.All"
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# Enable FIDO2 Security Key authentication method
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$fido2Policy = @{
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"@odata.type" = "#microsoft.graph.fido2AuthenticationMethodConfiguration"
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state = "enabled"
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isAttestationEnforced = $true
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isSelfServiceRegistrationAllowed = $true
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keyRestrictions = @{
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isEnforced = $true
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enforcementType = "allow"
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aaGuids = @(
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"cb69481e-8ff7-4039-93ec-0a2729a154a8", # YubiKey 5 Series
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"ee882879-721c-4913-9775-3dfcce97072a", # YubiKey 5 NFC
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"fa2b99dc-9e39-4257-8f92-4a30d23c4118", # YubiKey 5C NFC
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"2fc0579f-8113-47ea-b116-bb5a8db9202a", # YubiKey Bio
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"73bb0cd4-e502-49b8-9c6f-b59445bf720b" # Google Titan
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)
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}
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includeTargets = @(
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@{
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targetType = "group"
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id = "all_users" # Or specific security group ID
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}
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)
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}
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Update-MgPolicyAuthenticationMethodPolicyAuthenticationMethodConfiguration `
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-AuthenticationMethodConfigurationId "fido2" `
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-BodyParameter $fido2Policy
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# Enable Microsoft Authenticator with passkey support
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$authenticatorPolicy = @{
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"@odata.type" = "#microsoft.graph.microsoftAuthenticatorAuthenticationMethodConfiguration"
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state = "enabled"
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featureSettings = @{
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displayAppInformationRequiredState = @{
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state = "enabled"
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includeTarget = @{
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targetType = "group"
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id = "all_users"
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}
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}
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displayLocationInformationRequiredState = @{
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state = "enabled"
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includeTarget = @{
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targetType = "group"
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id = "all_users"
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}
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}
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companionAppAllowedState = @{
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state = "enabled"
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}
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}
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includeTargets = @(
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@{
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targetType = "group"
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id = "all_users"
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authenticationMode = "any"
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}
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)
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}
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Update-MgPolicyAuthenticationMethodPolicyAuthenticationMethodConfiguration `
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-AuthenticationMethodConfigurationId "microsoftAuthenticator" `
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-BodyParameter $authenticatorPolicy
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# Enable Windows Hello for Business
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$whfbPolicy = @{
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"@odata.type" = "#microsoft.graph.windowsHelloForBusinessAuthenticationMethodConfiguration"
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state = "enabled"
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pinMinimumLength = 6
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pinMaximumLength = 127
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pinLowercaseCharactersUsage = "allowed"
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pinUppercaseCharactersUsage = "allowed"
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pinSpecialCharactersUsage = "allowed"
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securityKeyForSignIn = "enabled"
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includeTargets = @(
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@{
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targetType = "group"
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id = "all_users"
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}
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)
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}
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Update-MgPolicyAuthenticationMethodPolicyAuthenticationMethodConfiguration `
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-AuthenticationMethodConfigurationId "windowsHelloForBusiness" `
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-BodyParameter $whfbPolicy
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Write-Host "Passwordless authentication methods enabled successfully"
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```
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### Step 2: Configure Authentication Strength Conditional Access
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Create Conditional Access policies requiring phishing-resistant authentication:
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```powershell
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# Create custom authentication strength for phishing-resistant MFA
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$authStrength = @{
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displayName = "Phishing-Resistant Passwordless"
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description = "Requires FIDO2, WHfB, or certificate-based authentication"
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allowedCombinations = @(
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"fido2",
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"windowsHelloForBusiness",
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"x509CertificateMultiFactor"
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)
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requirementsSatisfied = "mfa"
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}
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$strengthPolicy = New-MgPolicyAuthenticationStrengthPolicy -BodyParameter $authStrength
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# Create Conditional Access policy requiring phishing-resistant auth
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$caPolicy = @{
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displayName = "Require Phishing-Resistant Auth for All Apps"
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state = "enabledForReportingButNotEnforced" # Start in report-only
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conditions = @{
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users = @{
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includeUsers = @("All")
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excludeGroups = @("Passwordless-Exclusion-Group")
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}
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applications = @{
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includeApplications = @("All")
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}
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clientAppTypes = @("browser", "mobileAppsAndDesktopClients")
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}
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grantControls = @{
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operator = "OR"
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authenticationStrength = @{
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id = $strengthPolicy.Id
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}
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}
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}
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New-MgIdentityConditionalAccessPolicy -BodyParameter $caPolicy
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# Create stricter policy for admin portals
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$adminPolicy = @{
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displayName = "Require Security Key for Admin Access"
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state = "enabled"
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conditions = @{
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users = @{
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includeRoles = @(
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"62e90394-69f5-4237-9190-012177145e10", # Global Admin
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"194ae4cb-b126-40b2-bd5b-6091b380977d", # Security Admin
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"f28a1f50-f6e7-4571-818b-6a12f2af6b6c", # SharePoint Admin
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"29232cdf-9323-42fd-ade2-1d097af3e4de" # Exchange Admin
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)
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}
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applications = @{
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includeApplications = @(
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"797f4846-ba00-4fd7-ba43-dac1f8f63013", # Azure Portal
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"00000006-0000-0ff1-ce00-000000000000", # Microsoft 365 Admin
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"0000000a-0000-0000-c000-000000000000" # Entra Admin Center
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)
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}
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}
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grantControls = @{
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operator = "OR"
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authenticationStrength = @{
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id = $strengthPolicy.Id
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}
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}
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sessionControls = @{
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signInFrequency = @{
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value = 4
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type = "hours"
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isEnabled = $true
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}
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}
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}
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New-MgIdentityConditionalAccessPolicy -BodyParameter $adminPolicy
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```
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### Step 3: Deploy Windows Hello for Business via Intune
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Configure WHfB deployment through Microsoft Intune MDM:
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```powershell
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# Create Windows Hello for Business configuration profile in Intune
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$whfbProfile = @{
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"@odata.type" = "#microsoft.graph.windowsIdentityProtectionConfiguration"
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displayName = "WHfB - Enterprise Deployment"
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description = "Windows Hello for Business configuration for all managed devices"
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useSecurityKeyForSignin = $true
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windowsHelloForBusinessBlocked = $false
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pinMinimumLength = 6
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pinMaximumLength = 127
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pinUppercaseCharactersUsage = "allowed"
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pinLowercaseCharactersUsage = "allowed"
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pinSpecialCharactersUsage = "allowed"
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enhancedAntiSpoofingForFacialFeaturesEnabled = $true
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pinRecoveryEnabled = $true
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securityDeviceRequired = $true # Require TPM
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unlockWithBiometricsEnabled = $true
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useCertificatesForOnPremisesAuthEnabled = $true # For hybrid scenarios
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# Cloud Kerberos Trust for hybrid join (recommended over key trust)
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windowsHelloForBusinessAuthenticationMethod = "cloudKerberosTrust"
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}
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# Create the configuration profile
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$profile = New-MgDeviceManagementDeviceConfiguration -BodyParameter $whfbProfile
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# Assign to all Windows devices
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$assignment = @{
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target = @{
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"@odata.type" = "#microsoft.graph.allDevicesAssignmentTarget"
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}
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}
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New-MgDeviceManagementDeviceConfigurationAssignment `
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-DeviceConfigurationId $profile.Id `
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-BodyParameter $assignment
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# Configure Cloud Kerberos Trust (for hybrid Azure AD joined devices)
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# This eliminates the need for PKI infrastructure
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# Requires Azure AD Kerberos module
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Import-Module AzureADHybridAuthenticationManagement
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# Create Azure AD Kerberos Server object in on-premises AD
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$domain = "corp.local"
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$cloudCredential = Get-Credential -Message "Enter Azure AD Global Admin credentials"
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$domainCredential = Get-Credential -Message "Enter on-premises Domain Admin credentials"
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Set-AzureADKerberosServer `
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-Domain $domain `
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-CloudCredential $cloudCredential `
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-DomainCredential $domainCredential
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# Verify Kerberos Server object
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Get-AzureADKerberosServer -Domain $domain -CloudCredential $cloudCredential `
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-DomainCredential $domainCredential
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Write-Host "Cloud Kerberos Trust configured for hybrid WHfB deployment"
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```
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### Step 4: Register FIDO2 Security Keys for Users
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Implement security key registration workflow:
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```powershell
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# Bulk FIDO2 security key registration via Temporary Access Pass
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# Step 1: Issue Temporary Access Pass for key registration
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function Issue-TemporaryAccessPass {
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param(
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[string]$UserId,
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[int]$LifetimeMinutes = 60,
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[bool]$IsUsableOnce = $true
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)
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$tap = @{
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"@odata.type" = "#microsoft.graph.temporaryAccessPassAuthenticationMethod"
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lifetimeInMinutes = $LifetimeMinutes
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isUsableOnce = $IsUsableOnce
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}
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$result = New-MgUserAuthenticationTemporaryAccessPassMethod `
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-UserId $UserId `
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-BodyParameter $tap
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return @{
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UserId = $UserId
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TemporaryAccessPass = $result.TemporaryAccessPass
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ExpiresAt = $result.CreatedDateTime.AddMinutes($LifetimeMinutes)
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}
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}
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# Bulk issue TAPs for security key registration event
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$registrationUsers = Import-Csv "security_key_registration_list.csv"
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$tapResults = foreach ($user in $registrationUsers) {
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$tap = Issue-TemporaryAccessPass -UserId $user.UserPrincipalName
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[PSCustomObject]@{
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User = $user.UserPrincipalName
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TAP = $tap.TemporaryAccessPass
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Expires = $tap.ExpiresAt
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KeySerial = $user.AssignedKeySerial
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}
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}
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# Export TAPs for secure distribution to registration team
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$tapResults | Export-Csv "tap_assignments.csv" -NoTypeInformation
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# Monitor FIDO2 registration progress
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function Get-Fido2RegistrationStatus {
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$allUsers = Get-MgUser -All -Property "id,userPrincipalName,department"
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$registrationStatus = foreach ($user in $allUsers) {
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$methods = Get-MgUserAuthenticationFido2Method -UserId $user.Id
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[PSCustomObject]@{
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UserPrincipalName = $user.UserPrincipalName
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Department = $user.Department
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Fido2KeyCount = $methods.Count
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KeyModels = ($methods.Model -join ", ")
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RegistrationDates = ($methods.CreatedDateTime -join ", ")
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HasBackupKey = $methods.Count -ge 2
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}
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}
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return $registrationStatus
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}
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$status = Get-Fido2RegistrationStatus
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$total = $status.Count
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$registered = ($status | Where-Object { $_.Fido2KeyCount -gt 0 }).Count
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$withBackup = ($status | Where-Object { $_.HasBackupKey }).Count
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Write-Host "FIDO2 Registration Progress"
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Write-Host " Total Users: $total"
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Write-Host " Registered: $registered ($([math]::Round($registered/$total*100,1))%)"
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Write-Host " With Backup: $withBackup ($([math]::Round($withBackup/$total*100,1))%)"
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```
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### Step 5: Disable Legacy Authentication Methods
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Phase out phishable authentication factors:
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```powershell
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# Disable SMS and voice call authentication
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$smsPolicy = @{
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"@odata.type" = "#microsoft.graph.smsAuthenticationMethodConfiguration"
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state = "disabled"
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}
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Update-MgPolicyAuthenticationMethodPolicyAuthenticationMethodConfiguration `
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-AuthenticationMethodConfigurationId "sms" `
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-BodyParameter $smsPolicy
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$voicePolicy = @{
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"@odata.type" = "#microsoft.graph.voiceAuthenticationMethodConfiguration"
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state = "disabled"
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}
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Update-MgPolicyAuthenticationMethodPolicyAuthenticationMethodConfiguration `
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-AuthenticationMethodConfigurationId "voice" `
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-BodyParameter $voicePolicy
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# Block legacy authentication protocols via Conditional Access
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$blockLegacyPolicy = @{
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displayName = "Block Legacy Authentication"
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state = "enabled"
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conditions = @{
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users = @{ includeUsers = @("All") }
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applications = @{ includeApplications = @("All") }
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clientAppTypes = @(
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"exchangeActiveSync",
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"other"
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)
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}
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grantControls = @{
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operator = "OR"
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builtInControls = @("block")
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}
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}
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New-MgIdentityConditionalAccessPolicy -BodyParameter $blockLegacyPolicy
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# Audit users still using legacy authentication
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$legacyAuthReport = Get-MgAuditLogSignIn -Filter "clientAppUsed ne 'Browser' and clientAppUsed ne 'Mobile Apps and Desktop clients'" `
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-Top 1000 | Group-Object userPrincipalName | Select-Object Count, Name |
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Sort-Object Count -Descending
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Write-Host "Users with Legacy Auth (last 30 days):"
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$legacyAuthReport | Format-Table -AutoSize
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```
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### Step 6: Monitor Passwordless Adoption Metrics
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Track deployment progress and authentication method usage:
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```powershell
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# Generate passwordless adoption dashboard data
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function Get-PasswordlessAdoptionMetrics {
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# Authentication method registration statistics
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$registrationReport = Get-MgReportAuthenticationMethodUserRegistrationDetail -All
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$metrics = @{
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TotalUsers = $registrationReport.Count
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PasswordlessCapable = ($registrationReport | Where-Object { $_.IsPasswordlessCapable }).Count
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MfaRegistered = ($registrationReport | Where-Object { $_.IsMfaRegistered }).Count
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Fido2Registered = ($registrationReport | Where-Object { "fido2" -in $_.MethodsRegistered }).Count
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WhfbRegistered = ($registrationReport | Where-Object { "windowsHelloForBusiness" -in $_.MethodsRegistered }).Count
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AuthenticatorRegistered = ($registrationReport | Where-Object { "microsoftAuthenticator" -in $_.MethodsRegistered }).Count
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SmsOnly = ($registrationReport | Where-Object {
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"sms" -in $_.MethodsRegistered -and
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"fido2" -notin $_.MethodsRegistered -and
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"windowsHelloForBusiness" -notin $_.MethodsRegistered
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}).Count
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}
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# Authentication method usage from sign-in logs
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$signInLogs = Get-MgAuditLogSignIn -Top 10000 -Filter "createdDateTime ge $((Get-Date).AddDays(-30).ToString('yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ'))"
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$authMethodUsage = $signInLogs |
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Group-Object { $_.AuthenticationMethodsUsed -join "," } |
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Select-Object Count, Name | Sort-Object Count -Descending
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return @{
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Registration = $metrics
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Usage = $authMethodUsage
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}
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}
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$adoption = Get-PasswordlessAdoptionMetrics
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$reg = $adoption.Registration
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Write-Host "PASSWORDLESS ADOPTION REPORT"
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Write-Host "============================"
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Write-Host "Total Users: $($reg.TotalUsers)"
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Write-Host "Passwordless Capable: $($reg.PasswordlessCapable) ($([math]::Round($reg.PasswordlessCapable/$reg.TotalUsers*100,1))%)"
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Write-Host " FIDO2 Keys: $($reg.Fido2Registered)"
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Write-Host " Windows Hello: $($reg.WhfbRegistered)"
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Write-Host " Authenticator: $($reg.AuthenticatorRegistered)"
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Write-Host "MFA Registered: $($reg.MfaRegistered) ($([math]::Round($reg.MfaRegistered/$reg.TotalUsers*100,1))%)"
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Write-Host "SMS Only (needs upgrade): $($reg.SmsOnly)"
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```
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## Key Concepts
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| Term | Definition |
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|------|------------|
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| **FIDO2** | Fast Identity Online 2 standard enabling passwordless authentication using public-key cryptography bound to hardware authenticators or platform credentials |
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| **Passkey** | FIDO2 credential that can be device-bound (security key) or synced across devices, providing phishing-resistant authentication without passwords |
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| **Windows Hello for Business** | Windows platform authenticator using PIN, fingerprint, or facial recognition backed by TPM-protected asymmetric keys for passwordless sign-in |
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| **Cloud Kerberos Trust** | Deployment model for hybrid WHfB that uses Azure AD Kerberos to authenticate to on-premises resources without requiring PKI certificate infrastructure |
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| **Temporary Access Pass** | Time-limited passcode issued by admins enabling users to register passwordless methods or recover access when their primary method is unavailable |
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| **Authentication Strength** | Conditional Access capability in Microsoft Entra that specifies which authentication method combinations satisfy MFA requirements for a given policy |
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## Tools & Systems
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- **Microsoft Entra Admin Center**: Portal for configuring authentication methods, Conditional Access policies, and monitoring sign-in analytics
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- **Microsoft Intune**: MDM/MAM platform for deploying Windows Hello for Business configuration profiles to managed devices
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- **Microsoft Graph API**: Programmatic interface for managing authentication methods, policies, and generating adoption reports
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- **FIDO2 Security Keys**: Hardware authenticators (YubiKey, Feitian, Google Titan) storing cryptographic credentials for phishing-resistant authentication
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## Common Scenarios
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### Scenario: Enterprise-Wide Passwordless Migration
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**Context**: Organization with 5,000 users plans to eliminate passwords within 12 months after experiencing a phishing attack that compromised 47 accounts. Current state: 60% use SMS MFA, 30% use Authenticator app, 10% have no MFA.
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**Approach**:
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1. Phase 1 (Month 1-2): Enable FIDO2 and WHfB authentication methods in report-only Conditional Access
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2. Phase 2 (Month 2-3): Deploy WHfB to all managed Windows devices via Intune with Cloud Kerberos Trust
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3. Phase 3 (Month 3-5): Distribute FIDO2 security keys to executives, IT admins, and finance (highest-risk users first)
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4. Phase 4 (Month 5-8): Enable Authenticator passkeys for mobile-primary users and field workers
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5. Phase 5 (Month 8-10): Switch Conditional Access from report-only to enforced for phishing-resistant auth
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6. Phase 6 (Month 10-12): Disable SMS and voice call methods, block legacy authentication protocols
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7. Ongoing: Monitor adoption metrics, issue TAPs for stragglers, maintain break-glass accounts
|
|
|
|
**Pitfalls**:
|
|
- Not deploying Cloud Kerberos Trust causes WHfB to fail for on-premises resource access in hybrid environments
|
|
- Enforcing passwordless without ensuring all applications support modern authentication breaks access
|
|
- Issuing only one security key per user without a backup creates lockout risk if the key is lost
|
|
- Not configuring Temporary Access Pass as a recovery method before disabling password-based sign-in
|
|
|
|
## Output Format
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
PASSWORDLESS AUTHENTICATION DEPLOYMENT REPORT
|
|
================================================
|
|
Tenant: corp.onmicrosoft.com
|
|
Users: 5,247
|
|
Deployment Phase: Phase 4 (Authenticator Passkeys)
|
|
|
|
AUTHENTICATION METHOD REGISTRATION
|
|
Passwordless Capable: 4,103 / 5,247 (78.2%)
|
|
FIDO2 Security Keys: 892 (17.0%)
|
|
Windows Hello: 2,847 (54.3%)
|
|
Authenticator Passkey: 1,234 (23.5%)
|
|
Certificate-Based: 312 (5.9%)
|
|
|
|
LEGACY METHOD STATUS
|
|
SMS-Only Users: 387 (7.4%) -- migration in progress
|
|
Voice-Only Users: 0 (disabled)
|
|
No MFA Users: 42 (0.8%) -- TAPs issued
|
|
|
|
CONDITIONAL ACCESS
|
|
Phishing-Resistant Policy: ENFORCED (all users except exclusion group)
|
|
Legacy Auth Block: ENABLED
|
|
Admin Portal Policy: SECURITY KEY REQUIRED
|
|
|
|
SIGN-IN ANALYTICS (Last 30 Days)
|
|
Total Sign-Ins: 847,293
|
|
Passwordless: 623,891 (73.6%)
|
|
Password + MFA: 198,402 (23.4%)
|
|
Password Only: 0 (blocked)
|
|
Legacy Protocol: 0 (blocked)
|
|
|
|
SECURITY IMPACT
|
|
Phishing Incidents: 0 (down from 47 pre-deployment)
|
|
Password Reset Tickets: -82% reduction
|
|
Avg Sign-In Time: 8.2s (passwordless) vs 24.1s (password)
|
|
```
|