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95 lines
1.5 KiB
Markdown
95 lines
1.5 KiB
Markdown
# Docker
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## Description
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Docker containerization including Dockerfiles, compose, and best practices.
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## When to Use
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- Containerizing applications
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- Local development environments
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- CI/CD pipelines
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---
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## Core Patterns
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### Multi-stage Dockerfile (Node.js)
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```dockerfile
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# Build stage
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FROM node:20-alpine AS builder
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WORKDIR /app
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COPY package*.json ./
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RUN npm ci
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COPY . .
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RUN npm run build
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# Production stage
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FROM node:20-alpine
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WORKDIR /app
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COPY --from=builder /app/dist ./dist
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COPY --from=builder /app/node_modules ./node_modules
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EXPOSE 3000
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CMD ["node", "dist/index.js"]
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```
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### Python Dockerfile
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```dockerfile
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FROM python:3.12-slim
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WORKDIR /app
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# Install dependencies first (caching)
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COPY requirements.txt .
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RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
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COPY . .
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EXPOSE 8000
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CMD ["uvicorn", "main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0"]
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```
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### Docker Compose
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```yaml
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version: '3.8'
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services:
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app:
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build: .
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ports:
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- "3000:3000"
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environment:
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- DATABASE_URL=postgresql://user:pass@db:5432/app
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depends_on:
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- db
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db:
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image: postgres:16-alpine
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environment:
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POSTGRES_USER: user
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POSTGRES_PASSWORD: pass
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POSTGRES_DB: app
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volumes:
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- postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
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volumes:
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postgres_data:
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```
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## Best Practices
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1. Use multi-stage builds
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2. Order commands for cache efficiency
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3. Use .dockerignore
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4. Run as non-root user
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5. Use specific image tags
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## Common Pitfalls
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- **Large images**: Use slim/alpine bases
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- **Cache busting**: Order COPY commands properly
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- **Root user**: Add USER instruction
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