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50 lines
1.6 KiB
Markdown
50 lines
1.6 KiB
Markdown
# Active Directory Tiered Model — API Reference
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## Libraries
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| Library | Install | Purpose |
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|---------|---------|---------|
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| ldap3 | `pip install ldap3` | LDAP queries for AD group and account enumeration |
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| pyad | `pip install pyad` | Windows AD object manipulation |
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## Key ldap3 Methods
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| Method | Description |
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|--------|-------------|
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| `Connection(server, user, password, authentication=NTLM)` | NTLM-authenticated LDAP bind |
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| `conn.search(base_dn, filter, attributes)` | Search AD objects |
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| `conn.entries` | Result entries from search |
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## AD Tier Definitions (Microsoft ESAE)
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| Tier | Assets | Admin Accounts |
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|------|--------|----------------|
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| Tier 0 | Domain Controllers, AD, PKI, ADFS | Domain Admins, Enterprise Admins |
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| Tier 1 | Member servers, applications | Server admins, app admins |
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| Tier 2 | Workstations, end users | Help desk, workstation admins |
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## Critical AD Groups (Tier 0)
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| Group | SID Suffix |
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|-------|-----------|
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| Domain Admins | -512 |
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| Enterprise Admins | -519 |
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| Schema Admins | -518 |
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| Administrators | -544 |
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| Account Operators | -548 |
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| Backup Operators | -551 |
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## UserAccountControl Flags
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| Flag | Value | Description |
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|------|-------|-------------|
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| ACCOUNTDISABLE | 0x2 | Account is disabled |
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| DONT_EXPIRE_PASSWORD | 0x10000 | Password never expires |
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| NOT_DELEGATED | 0x100000 | Account is sensitive for delegation |
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## External References
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- [Microsoft ESAE Architecture](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/security/privileged-access-workstations/privileged-access-access-model)
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- [ldap3 Documentation](https://ldap3.readthedocs.io/)
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- [AD Security Best Practices](https://adsecurity.org/)
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