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API Reference: Securing Historian Server in OT Environment

Common Historian Ports

Port Service Risk if Exposed
5450 PI Data Archive SDK/API data access
5457 PI AF Server Asset Framework access
443 HTTPS Web API (acceptable if TLS)
80 HTTP Cleartext credentials/data
1433 MS SQL Direct database queries
3389 RDP Remote admin access
135/445 RPC/SMB Lateral movement target
502 Modbus Industrial protocol

Purdue Model Placement

Level Systems Historian Role
0-1 Field devices, PLCs Data source
2 HMI, SCADA Data source
3 Site Operations OT Historian location
3.5 DMZ Replica historian
4-5 Enterprise Consumer of DMZ data

Authentication Methods

Method Security Level Recommendation
PI Trust (IP-based) Insecure Migrate immediately
piadmin default Insecure Disable account
Windows Integrated Recommended Use AD groups/PI Mappings
Certificate-based Strong For inter-server comms

Python Libraries

Library Version Purpose
socket stdlib Port scanning
json stdlib Report generation
pathlib stdlib File handling

References

  • OSIsoft PI Security Guide: https://docs.aveva.com/
  • IEC 62443: Industrial Automation Security
  • NIST SP 800-82: Guide to ICS Security