113 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
mukul975 c0ab6cfccb docs: update README for v1.2.0 — 5-framework coverage, 754 skills 2026-04-06 12:06:22 +02:00
mukul975 b4231b19e7 chore: auto-update index.json 2026-04-06 09:17:52 +00:00
mukul975 efca3ec611 feat: add NIST CSF 2.0 nist_csf field to all 754 cybersecurity skills
Mapped every skill to NIST CSF 2.0 subcategory IDs (GV/ID/PR/DE/RS/RC functions)
based on subdomain and content analysis. Restores 11 skills corrupted during
prior rebase, re-enriching with ATLAS, D3FEND, NIST AI RMF, and CSF 2.0 fields.

All 754 skills now carry structured mappings for all 5 security frameworks:
- MITRE ATT&CK (in tags)
- MITRE ATLAS v5.5 (atlas_techniques)
- MITRE D3FEND v1.3 (d3fend_techniques)
- NIST AI RMF 1.0 (nist_ai_rmf)
- NIST CSF 2.0 (nist_csf)
2026-04-06 11:17:40 +02:00
mukul975 e8105a2f4d chore: auto-update index.json 2026-04-05 23:56:33 +00:00
mukul975 ef27f026cb feat: enrich 209 skills with MITRE ATLAS, D3FEND, and NIST AI RMF frontmatter
Added structured security framework mappings to SKILL.md frontmatter across all applicable skills:
- atlas_techniques: MITRE ATLAS v5.5 AML.TXXXX IDs (81 skills, AI-targeted attack techniques)
- d3fend_techniques: MITRE D3FEND v1.3 defensive technique labels (139 skills, mapped from ATT&CK IDs)
- nist_ai_rmf: NIST AI RMF 1.0 subcategory IDs (85 skills, AI risk management functions)

Also updates ATTACK_COVERAGE.md with coverage statistics for all three frameworks.
2026-04-06 01:56:17 +02:00
mukul975 c15f73db46 chore: auto-update index.json 2026-04-03 06:56:09 +00:00
mukul975 6325c202c5 chore: auto-update index.json 2026-04-03 06:30:32 +00:00
Mahipal 1cf19ded90 Merge pull request #26 from juliosuas/add-mitre-attack-incident-response
Add MITRE ATT&CK IDs to incident response skills (fixes #1)
2026-04-03 02:30:23 -04:00
Mahipal a7f577b482 Add skill: performing-cloud-native-threat-hunting-with-aws-detective
Add skill: performing-cloud-native-threat-hunting-with-aws-detective
2026-04-03 02:30:17 -04:00
Mahipal e26a736cf7 ci: add workflow to auto-sync marketplace version on release 2026-03-31 14:46:36 +02:00
Mahipal bb39fa73a9 Update marketplace version to v1.1.0 2026-03-31 14:41:58 +02:00
Mahipal 1cffd664f5 Remove Product Hunt badge from README
Removed Product Hunt badge from README.
2026-03-28 17:51:39 +01:00
Mahipal d7f205681a Add Product Hunt badge to README
Added a Product Hunt badge to promote the project.
2026-03-28 17:23:50 +01:00
mukul975 7283f02ba9 chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-28 11:41:02 +00:00
mukul975 476a0880f4 Fix ESET AV false positive on AMSI bypass strings in skill docs 2026-03-28 12:40:53 +01:00
MAGI a072845a3f Fix review comments: correct AWS Detective API usage and forensic ordering
- Fix FilterCriteria to use singular Severity/Status with Value objects
  instead of invalid plural Severities/Statuses arrays (SKILL.md + process.py)
- Fix get_entity_history: rename to get_investigation_indicators, use
  investigation_id instead of entity_arn for InvestigationId parameter
- Replace invalid inv-* placeholders with 21-digit numeric IDs
- Fix Expected Output to match real API response structure (no embedded
  Indicators; document separate list-indicators call and indicator types)
- Fix CLI --filter-criteria example to use correct format
- Update process.py --severity to accept single value with validation
- Add --max-results validation (1-100 range)
- Add pagination via _collect_all_pages helper for all list API calls
- Reorder Response Actions checklist: evidence preservation before containment
- Reorder Phase 5 workflow: preserve evidence first when safe
2026-03-28 02:06:16 -06:00
MAGI 41b828e758 fix: add missing process.py implementation for aws-detective skill
The process.py script was empty (0 bytes). Added a functional
implementation that lists behavior graphs, retrieves investigations,
queries indicators, and exports results — matching the pattern of
other skills in the repository.
2026-03-28 02:06:16 -06:00
MAGI 2f6701d2d8 Add skill: performing-cloud-native-threat-hunting-with-aws-detective (fixes #6) 2026-03-28 02:06:16 -06:00
mukul975 aff90acbf5 Trigger contributor recalculation 2026-03-28 02:06:16 -06:00
Julio César Suástegui 84b4699e59 fix: remove out-of-scope changes (cloud-waf tags, zero-trust description rewrite) 2026-03-28 02:06:00 -06:00
MAGI c7ad5e7b98 Fix round 3: refine MITRE ATT&CK mappings per CodeRabbit review
- osquery: replace broad IDs with concrete detections (T1049, T1620, T1053.003, T1548.001, T1552)
- credential extraction: replace T1550 with T1552 (Unsecured Credentials)
- persistence investigation: use sub-techniques (T1547.001, T1053.005, T1543.003, T1546.003)
2026-03-28 02:06:00 -06:00
MAGI 15d53bd09b Fix MITRE ATT&CK mappings per CodeRabbit review: align techniques to skill content
- analyzing-malware-persistence-with-autoruns: add persistence techniques T1547, T1053, T1543, T1546
- analyzing-memory-dumps-with-volatility: add memory forensics techniques T1055, T1003, T1059, T1620
- analyzing-persistence-mechanisms-in-linux: add Linux-specific sub-techniques T1053.003, T1543.002, T1574.006, T1546.004
- analyzing-windows-prefetch-with-python: add execution techniques T1059, T1204, T1036
- building-incident-response-dashboard: remove misaligned mitre_attack (dashboard is a visibility tool)
- building-phishing-reporting-button-workflow: add phishing techniques T1566, T1204, T1534
- deobfuscating-powershell-obfuscated-malware: add PowerShell/obfuscation techniques T1059.001, T1027, T1140
2026-03-28 02:06:00 -06:00
MAGI 100361c3e5 Scope fix: remove mitre_attack from 24 non-incident-response skills, use sub-techniques
- Removed mitre_attack from digital-forensics, cloud-security, malware-analysis,
  endpoint-security, threat-hunting, ransomware-defense, phishing-defense, and
  security-operations subdomain skills (out of PR scope per issue #1)
- Applied sub-technique IDs where appropriate (T1566.001, T1003.001, etc.)
- Only incident-response and soc-operations skills retain mappings
2026-03-28 02:06:00 -06:00
MAGI 42258456e8 Fix MITRE ATT&CK mappings per CodeRabbit review
- Replace generic T1190/T1059/T1078 with context-specific techniques
- Persistence: T1547, T1053, T1543, T1574
- Credentials: T1003, T1558, T1550
- Phishing: T1566, T1204, T1534
- Ransomware: T1486, T1490, T1489
- Cloud: T1078, T1537, T1580, T1098
- Remove mappings from out-of-scope subdomains (ot-ics, malware-analysis, digital-forensics)
2026-03-28 02:05:57 -06:00
MAGI 5e62a7ea2c Add MITRE ATT&CK technique IDs to 60 incident-response skills (fixes #1) 2026-03-28 02:05:53 -06:00
mukul975 0fbcbdf8dd chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-27 09:24:27 +00:00
Julio César Suástegui 97c213f9a4 Add skill: detecting-lateral-movement-with-zeek (fixes #5) (#29) 2026-03-27 10:24:16 +01:00
mukul975 9314565dd9 docs: update release version from v1.0.0 to v1.1.0 in README 2026-03-23 19:17:24 +01:00
mukul975 c74a7547bb docs: replace static contributors table with contrib.rocks auto-updating widget 2026-03-23 19:16:03 +01:00
mukul975 f4e791c06c docs: remove fake contributor Systech2021-1952 from README 2026-03-23 19:14:33 +01:00
mukul975 577f795252 docs: update skill count to 753 and domain count to 38 across all files 2026-03-21 13:57:15 +01:00
mukul975 ac77250450 docs: use single name Mahipal in CITATION.cff 2026-03-21 13:38:37 +01:00
mukul975 57b684e4d6 docs: add CITATION.cff for academic and tool attribution 2026-03-21 13:37:55 +01:00
mukul975 3856835990 chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-21 12:23:42 +00:00
mukul975 db3eaaeaf2 fix: add workflow_dispatch and self-trigger to update-index workflow 2026-03-21 13:23:34 +01:00
mukul975 7f60276fd9 fix: add missing import re in update-index workflow, bump version to 1.1.0 2026-03-21 13:21:55 +01:00
mukul975 e2c3836c30 feat: upgrade 5 skills with full content for v1.1.0
Replaced stub SKILL.md files with complete implementations:
- analyzing-linux-audit-logs-for-intrusion (257 lines, full auditd workflow)
- analyzing-windows-amcache-artifacts (237 lines, AmcacheParser + timeline)
- detecting-oauth-token-theft (266 lines, Azure AD token protection)
- implementing-devsecops-security-scanning (372 lines, full CI/CD pipeline)
- implementing-privileged-session-monitoring (323 lines, PAM session audit)

Also bumps index.json to version 1.1.0.
2026-03-21 12:36:58 +01:00
mukul975 d77aaf8b28 Fix index.json: restore description field for skill registration 2026-03-21 11:46:09 +01:00
mukul975 777b3b97a2 Update contact email to mukuljangra5@gmail.com 2026-03-21 11:43:18 +01:00
mukul975 38915dec6d Slim index.json to name+path only, fix plugin domain loading
- index.json: 463KB -> 84KB (name+path only, single cybersecurity domain)
- update-index.yml: generates compact slim index on every push
- marketplace.json + plugin.json: update skill count 607+ to 753
2026-03-21 11:39:28 +01:00
mukul975 7bc1b2be1c Remove audit report from repo 2026-03-19 19:47:28 +01:00
mukul975 5cde5a95e6 Add MITRE ATT&CK coverage map: 291 techniques across 14/14 tactics 2026-03-19 19:43:25 +01:00
mukul975 201975ae70 chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-19 18:14:37 +00:00
mukul975 d833f0eab9 Add 30 new production-grade cybersecurity skills: AI security, supply chain, firmware, cloud-native, compliance, deception, crypto, threat hunting, purple team, OT, privacy 2026-03-19 19:14:25 +01:00
mukul975 d43cc7a766 chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-19 13:12:59 +00:00
mukul975 a1e9ca5a4a Expand 4 remaining SKILL.md stubs with researched content 2026-03-19 14:12:18 +01:00
mukul975 6dc9e739e3 chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-19 12:56:47 +00:00
mukul975 5a64fb0416 Fix last 2 issues: expand Datadog SKILL.md, fix XSOAR verify=False 2026-03-19 13:56:37 +01:00
mukul975 0bf1fa2a41 chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-19 12:56:06 +00:00
mukul975 051e7e72ed Expand 38 agent.py stubs, standardize 347 SKILL.md sections, fix 4 verify=False 2026-03-19 13:55:55 +01:00
mukul975 79287253fb chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-19 12:44:47 +00:00
mukul975 7e2e6ad664 Expand boilerplate agent.py stubs with real implementations (batch 2) 2026-03-19 13:44:38 +01:00
mukul975 3803da65d5 chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-19 12:42:21 +00:00
mukul975 682d416c6e Remove backed-up duplicate skills to fix validation pipeline 2026-03-19 13:41:56 +01:00
mukul975 2438c22972 chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-19 12:39:52 +00:00
mukul975 3492302a13 Fix frontmatter descriptions, duplicate YAML blocks, title headings across 60 files 2026-03-19 13:39:41 +01:00
mukul975 b444d348f8 chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-19 12:30:01 +00:00
mukul975 d005ae764b Expand 39 api-reference stubs with real tool docs, expand 15 agent.py boilerplate stubs 2026-03-19 13:29:50 +01:00
mukul975 d63b578a2f chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-19 12:27:09 +00:00
mukul975 c47eed6a64 Production hardening: security fixes, code quality, 724 skills complete
- Fix 25 shell=True subprocess calls with list-based commands
- Fix 49 verify=False in defensive skills (env-var override)
- Add timeout to 231 HTTP/subprocess/socket calls
- Fix 6 SQL injection patterns with whitelist validation
- Replace 8 __import__() with standard imports
- Remove 701 unused imports across 442 files
- Add authorized-testing disclaimers to all offensive skills
- Complete 11 incomplete skill directories
- Expand 10 stub SKILL.md files with full content
- Fix 2 YAML parse errors in frontmatter
- Fix 5 pre-existing syntax errors
- Convert 22 hardcoded paths/ports to environment variables
- Back up 21 redundant skill pairs to .bak
- Fix 2 global declaration errors
- 724/724 skills with full folder anatomy (SKILL.md + agent.py + api-reference.md + LICENSE)
- 0 compile errors across all 724 agent.py files
2026-03-19 13:26:49 +01:00
mukul975 63b442d347 Fix contributor avatar URLs with correct user IDs 2026-03-19 10:49:33 +01:00
mukul975 a4885abffe Fix nested code fences in README examples 2026-03-19 10:46:09 +01:00
mukul975 6f1099fb9d Update README with 734+ skills, MITRE ATT&CK coverage, platform compatibility 2026-03-19 10:29:35 +01:00
mukul975 4b6aa1e775 chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-19 09:18:03 +00:00
mukul975 0c690a20c8 chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-19 09:06:22 +00:00
juliosuas 2967d69d48 Translate top skills to Spanish
Adds Spanish translations for 7 cybersecurity skills.
2026-03-19 10:06:13 +01:00
mukul975 220f49477a chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-19 09:06:04 +00:00
juliosuas cfa57cf8bf Add working example output to digital-forensics skills
Adds realistic example output sections to 10 digital forensics skills.
2026-03-19 10:05:56 +01:00
mukul975 1e98186845 chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-19 09:02:56 +00:00
mukul975 2100487865 chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-19 10:02:23 +01:00
juliosuas 34e0cf6e2d Fix NIST CSF 2.0 category counts in table: ID=3, RC=2
The summary table had incorrect category counts for Identify (4 → 3)
and Recover (1 → 2), inconsistent with the frontmatter mapping and
official NIST CSF 2.0 specification (GV:6 + ID:3 + PR:5 + DE:2 +
RS:4 + RC:2 = 22 categories).
2026-03-19 10:02:23 +01:00
mukul975 1e2d015ef4 chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-19 10:02:22 +01:00
juliosuas 16201a7e60 Address CodeRabbit review: legal guardrails, mkdir, filename consistency, HIBP headers 2026-03-19 10:02:22 +01:00
juliosuas 788404ca75 Add skill: performing-ai-driven-osint-correlation 2026-03-19 10:02:22 +01:00
Mahipal c214ad111e Update PayPal link in FUNDING.yml 2026-03-19 10:02:22 +01:00
Mahipal ba41fb8de9 Create FUNDING.yml 2026-03-19 10:02:22 +01:00
juliosuas ebffa4fb4f Fix NIST CSF 2.0: correct official 22 categories (add RS.MI, RC.CO; remove ID.AA) 2026-03-17 22:11:05 -06:00
juliosuas ba9146a2cd Fix NIST CSF category count: include all 22 categories 2026-03-17 17:17:02 -06:00
juliosuas 03da94c256 Add NIST CSF 2.0 categories to compliance-governance skills (fixes #2) 2026-03-17 10:28:43 -06:00
Mahipal 106129b1eb Update README.md 2026-03-17 00:43:52 +01:00
mukul975 54a5b0df25 docs: add star history graph to README 2026-03-11 01:48:05 +01:00
mukul975 1c170f0f40 chore: untrack launch/twitter-thread.md (gitignored) 2026-03-11 01:47:44 +01:00
mukul975 1acb1a8f0c feat: add MITRE ATT&CK Navigator layer and coverage mappings 2026-03-11 01:45:51 +01:00
mukul975 93780c4e8e chore: add launch/ to gitignore 2026-03-11 01:45:50 +01:00
mukul975 6fa4350934 chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-11 00:43:13 +00:00
mukul975 4ed6f49151 chore: fix license, add disclaimer, quick start, GitHub topics, issue templates 2026-03-11 01:42:50 +01:00
mukul975 e09b84a7da chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-11 00:22:05 +00:00
mukul975 b29b23470a feat: add 5 new cybersecurity skills - secrets scanning CI/CD, Bluetooth assessment, DNS exfil Zeek, SOAR phishing, AD ACL abuse 2026-03-11 01:21:45 +01:00
mukul975 d547391908 chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-10 23:52:39 +00:00
mukul975 794489277c fix: correct license from Apache-2.0 to MIT for batch 2 skills 2026-03-11 00:52:29 +01:00
mukul975 77c274fad7 chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-10 23:51:29 +00:00
mukul975 aba13ca5af feat: add 5 new cybersecurity skills - Azure storage audit, supply chain simulation, Azure PIM, Empire artifacts, NTLM relay 2026-03-11 00:51:19 +01:00
mukul975 b7ef3190a1 chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-10 23:49:32 +00:00
mukul975 c0c5bbaac1 Add 5 new cybersecurity skills: golden ticket detection, traffic baselining, sandbox evasion analysis, domain fronting hunting, SpiderFoot OSINT 2026-03-11 00:49:24 +01:00
mukul975 aa1fc4083d chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-10 23:49:11 +00:00
mukul975 ff3a9ce224 feat: add 4 new cybersecurity skills - UEBA insider threat, BeyondCorp zero trust, Linux kernel rootkits, CobaltStrike beacon hunting 2026-03-11 00:48:56 +01:00
mukul975 85fce5551d chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-10 23:48:22 +00:00
mukul975 42cd69598e Add 5 new cybersecurity skills batch 2 - oauth token theft, binary exploitation, STIX2 sharing, linux audit logs, timestomping detection 2026-03-11 00:48:13 +01:00
mukul975 7135f0cfe3 chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-10 23:47:17 +00:00
mukul975 4d6d585285 Add 10 new cybersecurity skills with full folder anatomy
Skills added:
- implementing-privileged-access-workstation (IAM, PAW hardening)
- detecting-suspicious-oauth-application-consent (cloud security, Graph API)
- performing-hardware-security-module-integration (cryptography, PKCS#11)
- analyzing-android-malware-with-apktool (malware analysis, androguard)
- hunting-for-unusual-service-installations (threat hunting, T1543.003)
- detecting-shadow-it-cloud-usage (cloud security, proxy/DNS log analysis)
- performing-active-directory-forest-trust-attack (red team, impacket)
- implementing-deception-based-detection-with-canarytoken (deception, Canary API)
- analyzing-office365-audit-logs-for-compromise (cloud security, BEC detection)
- hunting-for-startup-folder-persistence (threat hunting, T1547.001)

Each skill includes SKILL.md, LICENSE, scripts/agent.py, references/api-reference.md
2026-03-11 00:47:03 +01:00
mukul975 b6c7ac9d82 chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-10 23:44:50 +00:00
mukul975 014c387ff3 feat: add 5 cybersecurity skills - CloudTrail anomalies, SSL/TLS assessment, Wazuh detection, Prefetch analysis, WMI lateral movement 2026-03-11 00:44:42 +01:00
mukul975 3fbae3f3a4 chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-10 23:43:12 +00:00
mukul975 7308b56252 feat: add 5 new cybersecurity skills - WMI persistence, CloudTrail forensics, honeypots, PDF malware, DCSync detection 2026-03-11 00:42:59 +01:00
mukul975 ab1fc6d87c chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-10 23:42:14 +00:00
mukul975 aea97ff9ff Add 5 new cybersecurity skills: AFL++ fuzzing, Sysmon scheduled task detection, ModSecurity WAF logging, MITRE Navigator TTP analysis, PowerShell script block hunting 2026-03-11 00:41:59 +01:00
mukul975 546f1ae6ef Add 5 new cybersecurity skills: greenbone vuln mgmt, email compromise detection, MISP sharing, CobaltStrike C2 analysis, registry run key hunting 2026-03-11 00:41:59 +01:00
mukul975 757f1c8eae Add 5 new cybersecurity skills with full implementations
- implementing-vulnerability-management-with-greenbone: python-gvm GMP API, scan task creation, XML report parsing
- detecting-email-account-compromise: Microsoft Graph inbox rules, impossible travel detection, OAuth grant analysis
- performing-threat-intelligence-sharing-with-misp: PyMISP event creation, attribute management, sharing validation
- analyzing-cobaltstrike-malleable-c2-profiles: dissect.cobaltstrike C2Profile parsing, Suricata rule generation
- hunting-for-registry-run-key-persistence: Sysmon Event 13 analysis, T1547.001 detection, Sigma rule generation
2026-03-11 00:41:59 +01:00
mukul975 e77d55ad50 chore: auto-update index.json 2026-03-10 23:40:24 +00:00
mukul975 cd8a26b606 feat: add 5 new cybersecurity skills - yara hunting, devsecops scanning, amcache, LOtL, privileged session monitoring 2026-03-11 00:40:06 +01:00
Mahipal 7e3b1f87e4 Add files via upload 2026-03-11 00:40:01 +01:00
Mahipal 4cc24378c7 Delete assets/IMG_3214.jpeg 2026-03-11 00:39:39 +01:00
Mahipal d5140a66fa Add files via upload 2026-03-11 00:38:18 +01:00
2385 changed files with 271446 additions and 42855 deletions
+7 -7
View File
@@ -2,22 +2,22 @@
"name": "anthropic-cybersecurity-skills",
"owner": {
"name": "mukul975",
"email": "mukul975@users.noreply.github.com"
"email": "mukuljangra5@gmail.com"
},
"metadata": {
"description": "607+ cybersecurity skills for AI agents and security practitioners covering web security, pentesting, forensics, threat intelligence, cloud security, and more.",
"version": "1.0.0"
"description": "753 cybersecurity skills for AI agents and security practitioners covering web security, pentesting, forensics, threat intelligence, cloud security, and more.",
"version": "1.1.0"
},
"plugins": [
{
"name": "cybersecurity-skills",
"source": "./",
"description": "607+ cybersecurity skills covering web security, pentesting, DFIR, threat intelligence, cloud security, malware analysis, and more.",
"version": "1.0.0",
"descripyion": "753 cybersecurity skills covering web security, pentesting, DFIR, threat intelligence, cloud security, malware analysis, and more.",
"version": "1.1.0",
"author": {
"name": "mukul975"
},
"license": "MIT",
"license": "Apache-2.0",
"keywords": [
"cybersecurity",
"pentesting",
@@ -34,4 +34,4 @@
"repository": "https://github.com/mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills"
}
]
}
}
+1 -1
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
{
"name": "cybersecurity-skills",
"description": "607+ cybersecurity skills covering web security, pentesting, DFIR, threat intelligence, cloud security, malware analysis, and more.",
"description": "753 cybersecurity skills covering web security, pentesting, DFIR, threat intelligence, cloud security, malware analysis, and more.",
"version": "1.0.0"
}
+2
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@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
github: mukul975
custom: ["https://paypal.me/mahipaljangra"]
+19
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@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
---
name: Improve existing skill
about: Suggest improvements to an existing skill
title: '[IMPROVE] skill-name-here'
labels: 'enhancement'
assignees: ''
---
## Skill to improve
<!-- Folder name of the skill -->
## What needs improvement?
- [ ] agent.py has errors or placeholders
- [ ] api-reference.md is incomplete
- [ ] SKILL.md frontmatter is missing fields
- [ ] ATT&CK mapping is incorrect
- [ ] Other:
## Suggested improvement
+25
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@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
---
name: Add new skill
about: Propose a new cybersecurity skill for the database
title: '[NEW SKILL] skill-name-here'
labels: 'new-skill, good first issue'
assignees: ''
---
## Skill name (kebab-case)
<!-- e.g., detecting-lateral-movement-in-azure -->
## Domain / Subdomain
<!-- e.g., cybersecurity / threat-hunting -->
## Description
<!-- One sentence describing what this skill does -->
## MITRE ATT&CK techniques
<!-- e.g., T1021.001, T1078.004 -->
## NIST CSF function
<!-- Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond, or Recover -->
## Why is this skill needed?
<!-- What problem does it solve for security practitioners? -->
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
name: Sync Marketplace Version on Release
on:
release:
types: [published]
jobs:
sync-version:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
permissions:
contents: write
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
with:
token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
- name: Extract version from tag
id: version
run: |
VERSION=${GITHUB_REF_NAME#v}
echo "version=$VERSION" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
echo "tag=$GITHUB_REF_NAME" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
- name: Update marketplace.json version
env:
VERSION: ${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}
run: |
jq --arg v "$VERSION"
'.metadata.version = $v | .plugins[].version = $v'
.claude-plugin/marketplace.json > tmp.json
mv tmp.json .claude-plugin/marketplace.json
echo "Updated marketplace.json to version $VERSION"
- name: Commit and push
run: |
git config user.name "mukul975"
git config user.email "mukuljangra5@gmail.com"
git add .claude-plugin/marketplace.json
git diff --staged --quiet || git commit -m "chore: bump marketplace version to ${{ steps.version.outputs.tag }}"
git push
+14 -36
View File
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ on:
branches: [main]
paths:
- 'skills/**'
- '.github/workflows/update-index.yml'
workflow_dispatch:
jobs:
update-index:
@@ -21,12 +23,9 @@ jobs:
python3 << 'EOF'
import os, json, re
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from collections import Counter
skills_dir = "skills"
skills = []
subdomain_counts = Counter()
tag_counter = Counter()
for skill_name in sorted(os.listdir(skills_dir)):
skill_md = os.path.join(skills_dir, skill_name, "SKILL.md")
@@ -35,58 +34,37 @@ jobs:
with open(skill_md, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
content = f.read()
fm_match = re.match(r"^---\n(.*?)\n---", content, re.DOTALL)
if not fm_match:
continue
fm = fm_match.group(1)
def get_field(field, text):
m = re.search(rf"^{field}:\s*(.+)$", text, re.MULTILINE)
return m.group(1).strip().strip('"') if m else ""
def get_tags(text):
m = re.search(r"^tags:\s*\[(.+)\]", text, re.MULTILINE)
return [t.strip() for t in m.group(1).split(",")] if m else []
tags = get_tags(fm)
subdomain = get_field("subdomain", fm)
subdomain_counts[subdomain] += 1
for t in tags:
tag_counter[t] += 1
description = ""
if fm_match:
m = re.search(r"^description:\s*(.+)$", fm_match.group(1), re.MULTILINE)
if m:
description = m.group(1).strip().strip('"')
skills.append({
"name": get_field("name", fm),
"description": get_field("description", fm),
"name": skill_name,
"description": description,
"domain": "cybersecurity",
"subdomain": subdomain,
"tags": tags,
"version": get_field("version", fm) or "1.0",
"author": "mukul975",
"license": "Apache-2.0",
"path": f"skills/{skill_name}"
})
top_tags = sorted(tag_counter.items(), key=lambda x: -x[1])[:20]
index = {
"version": "1.0.0",
"version": "1.1.0",
"generated_at": datetime.now(timezone.utc).strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"),
"repository": "https://github.com/mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills",
"domain": "cybersecurity",
"total_skills": len(skills),
"total_domains": 1,
"total_subdomains": len(subdomain_counts),
"domain_stats": {"cybersecurity": len(skills)},
"subdomain_stats": dict(subdomain_counts),
"top_tags": [{"tag": t, "count": c} for t, c in top_tags],
"skills": skills
}
with open("index.json", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
json.dump(index, f, indent=2)
json.dump(index, f, separators=(',', ':'))
print(f"Updated index.json: {len(skills)} skills, {len(subdomain_counts)} subdomains")
print(f"Updated index.json: {len(skills)} skills")
EOF
- name: Commit updated index
run: |
git config user.name "mukul975"
git config user.email "mukul975@users.noreply.github.com"
git config user.email "mukuljangra5@gmail.com"
git add index.json
git diff --staged --quiet || git commit -m "chore: auto-update index.json"
git push
+3
View File
@@ -11,3 +11,6 @@ __pycache__/
.DS_Store
Thumbs.db
*.swp
launch/
extract_attack.py
AUDIT_REPORT.md
+509
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,509 @@
# MITRE ATT&CK Coverage Map
<p align="center">
<a href="https://attack.mitre.org/"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/MITRE_ATT%26CK-v16-red?style=for-the-badge&logo=shield&logoColor=white" alt="MITRE ATT&CK" /></a>
<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Techniques-291+-blueviolet?style=for-the-badge" alt="Techniques" />
<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Tactics-14%2F14-green?style=for-the-badge" alt="Tactics" />
</p>
This document maps all **291 unique MITRE ATT&CK techniques** (across **149 parent techniques**) referenced in our **753+ cybersecurity skills** to the 14 Enterprise ATT&CK tactics. Use this to identify coverage gaps, plan detection engineering priorities, or validate your security program against the ATT&CK framework.
> **How to read this:** Each technique links to its official ATT&CK page. Skills listed under each technique are the ones in this repository that teach detection, hunting, exploitation, or response for that technique.
---
## Coverage Summary
| Tactic | Techniques | Coverage |
|:-------|:---------:|:---------|
| 🔎 **Reconnaissance** | **12** | `████████████░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░` |
| 🏗️ **Resource Development** | **7** | `███████░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░` |
| 🚪 **Initial Access** | **18** | `██████████████████░░░░░░░░░░░░` |
| ⚡ **Execution** | **18** | `██████████████████░░░░░░░░░░░░` |
| 🔩 **Persistence** | **36** | `██████████████████████████████` |
| ⬆️ **Privilege Escalation** | **11** | `███████████░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░` |
| 🥷 **Defense Evasion** | **48** | `██████████████████████████████` |
| 🔑 **Credential Access** | **27** | `███████████████████████████░░░` |
| 🗺️ **Discovery** | **20** | `████████████████████░░░░░░░░░░` |
| ↔️ **Lateral Movement** | **9** | `█████████░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░` |
| 📦 **Collection** | **13** | `█████████████░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░` |
| 📡 **Command and Control** | **20** | `████████████████████░░░░░░░░░░` |
| 📤 **Exfiltration** | **12** | `████████████░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░` |
| 💥 **Impact** | **6** | `██████░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░` |
| 🔧 **Other/Cross-tactic** | **34** | |
| | **291** | **Total unique techniques** |
---
## 🔎 Reconnaissance
**12 techniques covered**
| Technique | Skills |
|:----------|:-------|
| [T1589](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589/) | `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement`, `conducting-social-engineering-pretext-call`, `performing-open-source-intelligence-gathering` |
| [T1590](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/) | `performing-open-source-intelligence-gathering` |
| [T1591](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591/) | `collecting-open-source-intelligence`, `conducting-social-engineering-pretext-call`, `performing-open-source-intelligence-gathering` |
| [T1592](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592/) | `performing-open-source-intelligence-gathering` |
| [T1593](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/) | `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement`, `performing-open-source-intelligence-gathering` |
| [T1594](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594/) | `performing-open-source-intelligence-gathering` |
| [T1595](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595/) | `executing-red-team-engagement-planning`, `triaging-security-incident` |
| [T1595.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595/001/) | `performing-open-source-intelligence-gathering` |
| [T1595.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595/002/) | `performing-open-source-intelligence-gathering` |
| [T1596](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/) | `performing-open-source-intelligence-gathering` |
| [T1598](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/) | `conducting-social-engineering-pretext-call` |
| [T1598.003](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/003/) | `conducting-social-engineering-pretext-call`, `conducting-spearphishing-simulation-campaign` |
---
## 🏗️ Resource Development
**7 techniques covered**
| Technique | Skills |
|:----------|:-------|
| [T1583.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/001/) | `building-red-team-c2-infrastructure-with-havoc`, `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement`, `conducting-spearphishing-simulation-campaign`, `implementing-mitre-attack-coverage-mapping` |
| [T1583.003](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/003/) | `building-red-team-c2-infrastructure-with-havoc` |
| [T1584.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/001/) | `hunting-for-dns-based-persistence` |
| [T1585.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/002/) | `conducting-spearphishing-simulation-campaign` |
| [T1587.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/001/) | `building-red-team-c2-infrastructure-with-havoc`, `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement` |
| [T1608.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/001/) | `conducting-spearphishing-simulation-campaign` |
| [T1608.005](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/005/) | `conducting-spearphishing-simulation-campaign` |
---
## 🚪 Initial Access
**18 techniques covered**
| Technique | Skills |
|:----------|:-------|
| [T1078](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/) | `analyzing-apt-group-with-mitre-navigator`, `analyzing-powershell-script-block-logging`, `analyzing-windows-event-logs-in-splunk`, `building-threat-hunt-hypothesis-framework`, `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement` +13 more |
| [T1078.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/001/) | `detecting-service-account-abuse` |
| [T1078.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/002/) | `conducting-domain-persistence-with-dcsync`, `detecting-service-account-abuse`, `exploiting-active-directory-certificate-services-esc1`, `exploiting-constrained-delegation-abuse`, `exploiting-nopac-cve-2021-42278-42287` +1 more |
| [T1078.003](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/003/) | `performing-privilege-escalation-assessment` |
| [T1078.004](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/004/) | `detecting-azure-lateral-movement`, `detecting-azure-service-principal-abuse`, `implementing-mitre-attack-coverage-mapping`, `implementing-threat-modeling-with-mitre-attack` |
| [T1091](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1091/) | `executing-red-team-engagement-planning`, `performing-physical-intrusion-assessment` |
| [T1133](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133/) | `executing-red-team-engagement-planning`, `performing-threat-landscape-assessment-for-sector` |
| [T1190](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190/) | `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement`, `executing-red-team-engagement-planning`, `exploiting-ms17-010-eternalblue-vulnerability`, `hunting-for-webshell-activity`, `performing-threat-landscape-assessment-for-sector` +1 more |
| [T1195](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/) | `analyzing-supply-chain-malware-artifacts`, `performing-threat-landscape-assessment-for-sector` |
| [T1195.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/001/) | `hunting-for-supply-chain-compromise` |
| [T1195.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/002/) | `hunting-for-supply-chain-compromise` |
| [T1199](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199/) | `hunting-for-supply-chain-compromise`, `performing-physical-intrusion-assessment` |
| [T1200](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1200/) | `executing-red-team-engagement-planning`, `performing-physical-intrusion-assessment` |
| [T1566](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/) | `analyzing-apt-group-with-mitre-navigator`, `analyzing-threat-actor-ttps-with-mitre-attack`, `analyzing-threat-landscape-with-misp`, `building-attack-pattern-library-from-cti-reports`, `hunting-advanced-persistent-threats` +3 more |
| [T1566.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001/) | `analyzing-apt-group-with-mitre-navigator`, `analyzing-campaign-attribution-evidence`, `analyzing-macro-malware-in-office-documents`, `analyzing-threat-actor-ttps-with-mitre-navigator`, `building-attack-pattern-library-from-cti-reports` +13 more |
| [T1566.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002/) | `building-attack-pattern-library-from-cti-reports`, `conducting-spearphishing-simulation-campaign`, `hunting-for-spearphishing-indicators`, `implementing-continuous-security-validation-with-bas`, `implementing-mitre-attack-coverage-mapping` +1 more |
| [T1566.003](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/003/) | `conducting-spearphishing-simulation-campaign`, `hunting-for-spearphishing-indicators`, `implementing-continuous-security-validation-with-bas` |
| [T1566.004](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/004/) | `conducting-social-engineering-pretext-call` |
---
## ⚡ Execution
**18 techniques covered**
| Technique | Skills |
|:----------|:-------|
| [T1047](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047/) | `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement`, `detecting-fileless-attacks-on-endpoints`, `detecting-lateral-movement-with-splunk`, `detecting-living-off-the-land-attacks`, `detecting-living-off-the-land-with-lolbas` +8 more |
| [T1053](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/) | `analyzing-apt-group-with-mitre-navigator`, `analyzing-persistence-mechanisms-in-linux`, `hunting-advanced-persistent-threats`, `hunting-for-persistence-mechanisms-in-windows`, `implementing-mitre-attack-coverage-mapping` +4 more |
| [T1053.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/002/) | `hunting-for-scheduled-task-persistence` |
| [T1053.003](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/003/) | `analyzing-persistence-mechanisms-in-linux`, `hunting-for-scheduled-task-persistence`, `performing-privilege-escalation-assessment`, `performing-privilege-escalation-on-linux` |
| [T1053.005](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/005/) | `analyzing-apt-group-with-mitre-navigator`, `analyzing-campaign-attribution-evidence`, `analyzing-windows-event-logs-in-splunk`, `building-attack-pattern-library-from-cti-reports`, `building-detection-rule-with-splunk-spl` +17 more |
| [T1059](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/) | `analyzing-apt-group-with-mitre-navigator`, `analyzing-threat-actor-ttps-with-mitre-attack`, `analyzing-windows-event-logs-in-splunk`, `building-incident-timeline-with-timesketch`, `deobfuscating-powershell-obfuscated-malware` +7 more |
| [T1059.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001/) | `analyzing-apt-group-with-mitre-navigator`, `analyzing-campaign-attribution-evidence`, `analyzing-macro-malware-in-office-documents`, `analyzing-powershell-empire-artifacts`, `analyzing-powershell-script-block-logging` +29 more |
| [T1059.003](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/003/) | `building-attack-pattern-library-from-cti-reports`, `building-detection-rule-with-splunk-spl`, `detecting-suspicious-powershell-execution`, `mapping-mitre-attack-techniques`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1059.004](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/004/) | `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1059.005](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005/) | `analyzing-macro-malware-in-office-documents`, `detecting-living-off-the-land-attacks`, `executing-red-team-exercise`, `hunting-for-living-off-the-land-binaries`, `hunting-for-lolbins-execution-in-endpoint-logs` +2 more |
| [T1059.006](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/006/) | `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1059.007](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007/) | `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1129](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1129/) | `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1203](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203/) | `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1204.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/001/) | `conducting-spearphishing-simulation-campaign` |
| [T1204.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | `analyzing-macro-malware-in-office-documents`, `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement`, `conducting-spearphishing-simulation-campaign`, `detecting-living-off-the-land-attacks`, `executing-red-team-engagement-planning` +4 more |
| [T1569](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569/) | `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1569.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569/002/) | `detecting-lateral-movement-in-network`, `detecting-lateral-movement-with-splunk`, `exploiting-ms17-010-eternalblue-vulnerability`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
---
## 🔩 Persistence
**36 techniques covered**
| Technique | Skills |
|:----------|:-------|
| [T1098](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/) | `analyzing-windows-event-logs-in-splunk`, `conducting-domain-persistence-with-dcsync`, `hunting-for-t1098-account-manipulation`, `implementing-mitre-attack-coverage-mapping`, `implementing-siem-use-cases-for-detection` +1 more |
| [T1098.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/001/) | `conducting-cloud-penetration-testing`, `detecting-azure-lateral-movement`, `detecting-azure-service-principal-abuse`, `hunting-for-t1098-account-manipulation`, `implementing-mitre-attack-coverage-mapping` |
| [T1098.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/002/) | `detecting-azure-lateral-movement`, `detecting-email-forwarding-rules-attack` |
| [T1098.004](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/004/) | `analyzing-persistence-mechanisms-in-linux`, `implementing-security-monitoring-with-datadog` |
| [T1136](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136/) | `detecting-privilege-escalation-in-kubernetes-pods`, `implementing-mitre-attack-coverage-mapping`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1136.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136/001/) | `analyzing-windows-event-logs-in-splunk`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1136.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136/002/) | `exploiting-nopac-cve-2021-42278-42287` |
| [T1197](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1197/) | `detecting-living-off-the-land-attacks`, `detecting-living-off-the-land-with-lolbas`, `hunting-for-living-off-the-land-binaries`, `hunting-for-lolbins-execution-in-endpoint-logs`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1505](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/) | `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1505.003](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/003/) | `building-attack-pattern-library-from-cti-reports`, `hunting-for-webshell-activity`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1542.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/001/) | `analyzing-uefi-bootkit-persistence` |
| [T1542.003](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/003/) | `analyzing-uefi-bootkit-persistence` |
| [T1543](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/) | `analyzing-persistence-mechanisms-in-linux`, `hunting-for-persistence-mechanisms-in-windows`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1543.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/002/) | `analyzing-persistence-mechanisms-in-linux`, `performing-privilege-escalation-on-linux` |
| [T1543.003](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/003/) | `detecting-lateral-movement-with-splunk`, `detecting-living-off-the-land-attacks`, `detecting-privilege-escalation-attempts`, `hunting-for-persistence-mechanisms-in-windows`, `hunting-for-unusual-service-installations` +2 more |
| [T1546](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/) | `analyzing-persistence-mechanisms-in-linux`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1546.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/001/) | `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1546.003](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/003/) | `analyzing-windows-event-logs-in-splunk`, `detecting-fileless-attacks-on-endpoints`, `detecting-fileless-malware-techniques`, `detecting-wmi-persistence`, `hunting-for-lateral-movement-via-wmi` +3 more |
| [T1546.004](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/004/) | `analyzing-persistence-mechanisms-in-linux` |
| [T1546.010](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/010/) | `hunting-for-persistence-mechanisms-in-windows` |
| [T1546.012](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/012/) | `hunting-for-persistence-mechanisms-in-windows`, `hunting-for-registry-persistence-mechanisms` |
| [T1546.015](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/015/) | `hunting-for-persistence-mechanisms-in-windows`, `hunting-for-registry-persistence-mechanisms` |
| [T1547](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/) | `analyzing-apt-group-with-mitre-navigator`, `analyzing-malware-persistence-with-autoruns`, `hunting-advanced-persistent-threats`, `hunting-for-persistence-mechanisms-in-windows`, `implementing-siem-use-cases-for-detection` +3 more |
| [T1547.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/001/) | `analyzing-apt-group-with-mitre-navigator`, `analyzing-windows-event-logs-in-splunk`, `building-attack-pattern-library-from-cti-reports`, `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement`, `detecting-fileless-attacks-on-endpoints` +10 more |
| [T1547.004](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/004/) | `hunting-for-persistence-mechanisms-in-windows`, `hunting-for-registry-persistence-mechanisms`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1547.005](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/005/) | `hunting-for-persistence-mechanisms-in-windows` |
| [T1547.009](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/009/) | `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1556](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/) | `performing-initial-access-with-evilginx3` |
| [T1556.007](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/007/) | `detecting-azure-lateral-movement` |
| [T1574](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/) | `analyzing-persistence-mechanisms-in-linux`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1574.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001/) | `detecting-dll-sideloading-attacks`, `hunting-for-persistence-mechanisms-in-windows`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1574.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/002/) | `analyzing-windows-event-logs-in-splunk`, `building-attack-pattern-library-from-cti-reports`, `detecting-dll-sideloading-attacks`, `implementing-siem-use-cases-for-detection`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1574.006](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/006/) | `analyzing-persistence-mechanisms-in-linux`, `detecting-dll-sideloading-attacks`, `performing-privilege-escalation-on-linux` |
| [T1574.008](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/008/) | `detecting-dll-sideloading-attacks` |
| [T1574.009](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/009/) | `detecting-privilege-escalation-attempts` |
| [T1574.011](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/011/) | `detecting-privilege-escalation-attempts` |
---
## ⬆️ Privilege Escalation
**11 techniques covered**
| Technique | Skills |
|:----------|:-------|
| [T1068](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068/) | `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement`, `detecting-container-escape-attempts`, `detecting-privilege-escalation-attempts`, `detecting-privilege-escalation-in-kubernetes-pods`, `executing-red-team-engagement-planning` +5 more |
| [T1134](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/) | `analyzing-windows-event-logs-in-splunk`, `detecting-privilege-escalation-attempts` |
| [T1134.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/001/) | `detecting-privilege-escalation-attempts`, `exploiting-constrained-delegation-abuse`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1134.005](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/005/) | `hunting-for-t1098-account-manipulation`, `performing-active-directory-compromise-investigation` |
| [T1484](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1484/) | `exploiting-active-directory-certificate-services-esc1`, `performing-active-directory-vulnerability-assessment` |
| [T1484.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1484/001/) | `deploying-active-directory-honeytokens`, `performing-active-directory-compromise-investigation` |
| [T1548](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/) | `detecting-container-escape-attempts`, `detecting-privilege-escalation-in-kubernetes-pods`, `detecting-t1548-abuse-elevation-control-mechanism`, `performing-privilege-escalation-assessment` |
| [T1548.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/001/) | `detecting-privilege-escalation-attempts`, `detecting-privilege-escalation-in-kubernetes-pods`, `detecting-t1548-abuse-elevation-control-mechanism`, `performing-privilege-escalation-assessment`, `performing-privilege-escalation-on-linux` |
| [T1548.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002/) | `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement`, `detecting-privilege-escalation-attempts`, `detecting-t1548-abuse-elevation-control-mechanism`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1548.003](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/003/) | `detecting-privilege-escalation-attempts`, `detecting-t1548-abuse-elevation-control-mechanism`, `performing-privilege-escalation-assessment`, `performing-privilege-escalation-on-linux` |
| [T1548.004](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/004/) | `detecting-t1548-abuse-elevation-control-mechanism` |
---
## 🥷 Defense Evasion
**48 techniques covered**
| Technique | Skills |
|:----------|:-------|
| [T1027](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/) | `analyzing-apt-group-with-mitre-navigator`, `analyzing-powershell-empire-artifacts`, `analyzing-powershell-script-block-logging`, `building-attack-pattern-library-from-cti-reports`, `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement` +3 more |
| [T1036](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/) | `detecting-evasion-techniques-in-endpoint-logs`, `implementing-mitre-attack-coverage-mapping`, `implementing-siem-use-cases-for-detection`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1036.005](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/005/) | `detecting-process-injection-techniques`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1055](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/) | `building-attack-pattern-library-from-cti-reports`, `building-red-team-c2-infrastructure-with-havoc`, `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement`, `detecting-evasion-techniques-in-endpoint-logs`, `detecting-fileless-attacks-on-endpoints` +13 more |
| [T1055.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/001/) | `detecting-process-hollowing-technique`, `detecting-process-injection-techniques`, `detecting-t1055-process-injection-with-sysmon`, `hunting-for-process-injection-techniques`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` +1 more |
| [T1055.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/002/) | `detecting-process-injection-techniques`, `detecting-t1055-process-injection-with-sysmon` |
| [T1055.003](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/003/) | `detecting-process-hollowing-technique`, `detecting-process-injection-techniques`, `detecting-t1055-process-injection-with-sysmon`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1055.004](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/004/) | `detecting-process-hollowing-technique`, `detecting-process-injection-techniques`, `detecting-t1055-process-injection-with-sysmon`, `hunting-for-process-injection-techniques` |
| [T1055.005](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/005/) | `detecting-process-injection-techniques`, `detecting-t1055-process-injection-with-sysmon` |
| [T1055.008](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/008/) | `detecting-process-injection-techniques` |
| [T1055.009](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/009/) | `detecting-process-injection-techniques` |
| [T1055.011](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/011/) | `detecting-process-injection-techniques` |
| [T1055.012](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/012/) | `conducting-malware-incident-response`, `detecting-fileless-malware-techniques`, `detecting-process-hollowing-technique`, `detecting-process-injection-techniques`, `detecting-t1055-process-injection-with-sysmon` +2 more |
| [T1055.013](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/013/) | `detecting-process-hollowing-technique`, `detecting-process-injection-techniques`, `detecting-t1055-process-injection-with-sysmon` |
| [T1055.014](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/014/) | `detecting-process-injection-techniques` |
| [T1055.015](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/015/) | `detecting-process-injection-techniques`, `detecting-t1055-process-injection-with-sysmon` |
| [T1070](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/) | `detecting-evasion-techniques-in-endpoint-logs`, `implementing-siem-use-cases-for-detection`, `implementing-velociraptor-for-ir-collection`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1070.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/001/) | `detecting-evasion-techniques-in-endpoint-logs`, `implementing-mitre-attack-coverage-mapping`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing`, `performing-purple-team-exercise` |
| [T1070.004](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/004/) | `implementing-threat-modeling-with-mitre-attack`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1070.006](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/006/) | `detecting-evasion-techniques-in-endpoint-logs`, `hunting-for-defense-evasion-via-timestomping` |
| [T1112](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1112/) | `detecting-fileless-malware-techniques`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1127](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1127/) | `detecting-evasion-techniques-in-endpoint-logs`, `detecting-living-off-the-land-with-lolbas`, `hunting-for-lolbins-execution-in-endpoint-logs` |
| [T1127.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1127/001/) | `detecting-living-off-the-land-attacks`, `detecting-living-off-the-land-with-lolbas`, `hunting-for-lolbins-execution-in-endpoint-logs` |
| [T1140](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1140/) | `analyzing-powershell-script-block-logging`, `detecting-fileless-attacks-on-endpoints`, `detecting-living-off-the-land-with-lolbas`, `hunting-for-living-off-the-land-binaries`, `hunting-for-lolbins-execution-in-endpoint-logs` +1 more |
| [T1202](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1202/) | `hunting-for-living-off-the-land-binaries`, `hunting-for-lolbins-execution-in-endpoint-logs` |
| [T1218](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/) | `detecting-evasion-techniques-in-endpoint-logs`, `detecting-living-off-the-land-attacks`, `detecting-living-off-the-land-with-lolbas`, `hunting-advanced-persistent-threats`, `hunting-for-living-off-the-land-binaries` +3 more |
| [T1218.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/001/) | `hunting-for-living-off-the-land-binaries`, `hunting-for-lolbins-execution-in-endpoint-logs`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1218.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/002/) | `hunting-for-living-off-the-land-binaries` |
| [T1218.003](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/003/) | `detecting-living-off-the-land-attacks`, `detecting-living-off-the-land-with-lolbas`, `hunting-for-living-off-the-land-binaries`, `hunting-for-lolbins-execution-in-endpoint-logs`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1218.004](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/004/) | `detecting-living-off-the-land-attacks`, `hunting-for-lolbins-execution-in-endpoint-logs` |
| [T1218.005](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/005/) | `detecting-fileless-malware-techniques`, `detecting-living-off-the-land-attacks`, `detecting-living-off-the-land-with-lolbas`, `hunting-for-living-off-the-land-binaries`, `hunting-for-lolbins-execution-in-endpoint-logs` +1 more |
| [T1218.007](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/007/) | `hunting-for-living-off-the-land-binaries`, `hunting-for-lolbins-execution-in-endpoint-logs` |
| [T1218.010](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010/) | `detecting-living-off-the-land-attacks`, `detecting-living-off-the-land-with-lolbas`, `hunting-for-living-off-the-land-binaries`, `hunting-for-lolbins-execution-in-endpoint-logs`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1218.011](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/011/) | `detecting-living-off-the-land-attacks`, `detecting-living-off-the-land-with-lolbas`, `hunting-for-living-off-the-land-binaries`, `hunting-for-lolbins-execution-in-endpoint-logs`, `performing-dynamic-analysis-with-any-run` +1 more |
| [T1218.013](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/013/) | `detecting-living-off-the-land-attacks` |
| [T1222.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1222/001/) | `conducting-domain-persistence-with-dcsync` |
| [T1497](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497/) | `analyzing-malware-sandbox-evasion-techniques` |
| [T1497.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497/001/) | `analyzing-malware-sandbox-evasion-techniques` |
| [T1497.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497/002/) | `analyzing-malware-sandbox-evasion-techniques` |
| [T1497.003](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497/003/) | `analyzing-malware-sandbox-evasion-techniques` |
| [T1550](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/) | `performing-lateral-movement-detection` |
| [T1550.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/001/) | `detecting-azure-lateral-movement` |
| [T1550.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/002/) | `analyzing-windows-event-logs-in-splunk`, `building-attack-pattern-library-from-cti-reports`, `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement`, `detecting-lateral-movement-in-network`, `detecting-lateral-movement-with-splunk` +6 more |
| [T1550.003](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003/) | `conducting-pass-the-ticket-attack`, `detecting-pass-the-hash-attacks`, `detecting-pass-the-ticket-attacks`, `exploiting-constrained-delegation-abuse` |
| [T1550.004](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/004/) | `performing-initial-access-with-evilginx3` |
| [T1562](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/) | `detecting-evasion-techniques-in-endpoint-logs`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1562.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/001/) | `analyzing-powershell-script-block-logging`, `building-attack-pattern-library-from-cti-reports`, `detecting-evasion-techniques-in-endpoint-logs`, `detecting-fileless-attacks-on-endpoints`, `detecting-suspicious-powershell-execution` +1 more |
| [T1610](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1610/) | `detecting-container-escape-attempts`, `detecting-container-escape-with-falco-rules` |
---
## 🔑 Credential Access
**27 techniques covered**
| Technique | Skills |
|:----------|:-------|
| [T1003](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/) | `analyzing-powershell-script-block-logging`, `building-attack-pattern-library-from-cti-reports`, `building-detection-rules-with-sigma`, `detecting-container-escape-with-falco-rules`, `detecting-credential-dumping-techniques` +10 more |
| [T1003.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/001/) | `analyzing-campaign-attribution-evidence`, `analyzing-powershell-script-block-logging`, `analyzing-windows-event-logs-in-splunk`, `building-attack-pattern-library-from-cti-reports`, `building-detection-rule-with-splunk-spl` +13 more |
| [T1003.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/002/) | `detecting-credential-dumping-techniques`, `detecting-t1003-credential-dumping-with-edr`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1003.003](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/003/) | `detecting-credential-dumping-techniques`, `detecting-t1003-credential-dumping-with-edr`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1003.004](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/004/) | `detecting-t1003-credential-dumping-with-edr`, `performing-credential-access-with-lazagne`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1003.005](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/005/) | `detecting-t1003-credential-dumping-with-edr`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1003.006](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/006/) | `analyzing-windows-event-logs-in-splunk`, `conducting-domain-persistence-with-dcsync`, `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement`, `conducting-internal-network-penetration-test`, `detecting-dcsync-attack-in-active-directory` +8 more |
| [T1110](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/) | `analyzing-windows-event-logs-in-splunk`, `building-detection-rule-with-splunk-spl`, `conducting-internal-network-penetration-test`, `implementing-mitre-attack-coverage-mapping`, `implementing-siem-use-cases-for-detection` +3 more |
| [T1110.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/001/) | `analyzing-windows-event-logs-in-splunk`, `building-detection-rule-with-splunk-spl`, `implementing-siem-use-cases-for-detection`, `performing-false-positive-reduction-in-siem`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1110.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/002/) | `exploiting-kerberoasting-with-impacket` |
| [T1110.003](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/003/) | `detecting-pass-the-ticket-attacks`, `implementing-siem-use-cases-for-detection`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1187](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1187/) | `detecting-ntlm-relay-with-event-correlation` |
| [T1528](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1528/) | `detecting-azure-lateral-movement`, `detecting-azure-service-principal-abuse` |
| [T1539](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1539/) | `performing-credential-access-with-lazagne`, `performing-initial-access-with-evilginx3` |
| [T1552](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/) | `performing-cloud-incident-containment-procedures`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1552.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/001/) | `performing-credential-access-with-lazagne`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1552.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/002/) | `performing-credential-access-with-lazagne` |
| [T1552.005](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/005/) | `conducting-cloud-penetration-testing` |
| [T1552.006](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/006/) | `deploying-active-directory-honeytokens` |
| [T1557](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/) | `performing-initial-access-with-evilginx3` |
| [T1557.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/001/) | `conducting-internal-network-penetration-test`, `detecting-ntlm-relay-with-event-correlation`, `hunting-for-ntlm-relay-attacks` |
| [T1558](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/) | `analyzing-windows-event-logs-in-splunk`, `conducting-pass-the-ticket-attack`, `exploiting-kerberoasting-with-impacket`, `exploiting-nopac-cve-2021-42278-42287`, `performing-lateral-movement-detection` +1 more |
| [T1558.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/001/) | `analyzing-windows-event-logs-in-splunk`, `conducting-domain-persistence-with-dcsync`, `detecting-golden-ticket-attacks-in-kerberos-logs`, `detecting-golden-ticket-forgery`, `detecting-kerberoasting-attacks` +3 more |
| [T1558.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/002/) | `performing-active-directory-compromise-investigation` |
| [T1558.003](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/003/) | `analyzing-windows-event-logs-in-splunk`, `building-attack-pattern-library-from-cti-reports`, `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement`, `conducting-internal-network-penetration-test`, `deploying-active-directory-honeytokens` +12 more |
| [T1558.004](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/004/) | `detecting-kerberoasting-attacks` |
| [T1649](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1649/) | `exploiting-active-directory-certificate-services-esc1` |
---
## 🗺️ Discovery
**20 techniques covered**
| Technique | Skills |
|:----------|:-------|
| [T1016](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1016/) | `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement`, `conducting-internal-reconnaissance-with-bloodhound-ce`, `exploiting-active-directory-with-bloodhound`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1018](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1018/) | `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement`, `conducting-internal-reconnaissance-with-bloodhound-ce`, `detecting-network-scanning-with-ids-signatures`, `exploiting-active-directory-with-bloodhound`, `performing-active-directory-bloodhound-analysis` |
| [T1033](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1033/) | `conducting-internal-reconnaissance-with-bloodhound-ce`, `detecting-privilege-escalation-attempts`, `exploiting-active-directory-with-bloodhound`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1040](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040/) | `implementing-continuous-security-validation-with-bas` |
| [T1046](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1046/) | `detecting-network-scanning-with-ids-signatures`, `detecting-privilege-escalation-attempts`, `performing-packet-injection-attack`, `triaging-security-incident` |
| [T1049](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1049/) | `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1057](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1057/) | `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1069](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1069/) | `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1069.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1069/001/) | `performing-active-directory-bloodhound-analysis`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1069.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1069/002/) | `conducting-internal-reconnaissance-with-bloodhound-ce`, `exploiting-active-directory-with-bloodhound`, `performing-active-directory-bloodhound-analysis`, `performing-kerberoasting-attack`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1082](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1082/) | `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1083](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083/) | `implementing-canary-tokens-for-network-intrusion`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1087](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087/) | `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement`, `executing-red-team-engagement-planning`, `implementing-continuous-security-validation-with-bas`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1087.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087/001/) | `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1087.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087/002/) | `conducting-internal-reconnaissance-with-bloodhound-ce`, `deploying-active-directory-honeytokens`, `exploiting-active-directory-certificate-services-esc1`, `exploiting-active-directory-with-bloodhound`, `exploiting-kerberoasting-with-impacket` +3 more |
| [T1087.004](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087/004/) | `detecting-azure-service-principal-abuse`, `implementing-mitre-attack-coverage-mapping` |
| [T1482](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1482/) | `conducting-internal-reconnaissance-with-bloodhound-ce`, `exploiting-active-directory-with-bloodhound`, `performing-active-directory-bloodhound-analysis` |
| [T1518](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518/) | `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1518.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518/001/) | `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1580](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1580/) | `implementing-mitre-attack-coverage-mapping` |
---
## ↔️ Lateral Movement
**9 techniques covered**
| Technique | Skills |
|:----------|:-------|
| [T1021](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/) | `detecting-lateral-movement-in-network`, `detecting-lateral-movement-with-splunk`, `detecting-service-account-abuse`, `executing-red-team-engagement-planning`, `exploiting-constrained-delegation-abuse` +10 more |
| [T1021.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001/) | `analyzing-campaign-attribution-evidence`, `analyzing-windows-event-logs-in-splunk`, `building-attack-pattern-library-from-cti-reports`, `building-detection-rule-with-splunk-spl`, `building-threat-hunt-hypothesis-framework` +8 more |
| [T1021.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002/) | `analyzing-windows-event-logs-in-splunk`, `building-attack-pattern-library-from-cti-reports`, `building-detection-rule-with-splunk-spl`, `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement`, `conducting-internal-network-penetration-test` +10 more |
| [T1021.003](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/003/) | `detecting-lateral-movement-with-splunk`, `hunting-for-dcom-lateral-movement`, `performing-lateral-movement-detection`, `performing-lateral-movement-with-wmiexec`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1021.004](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004/) | `detecting-lateral-movement-with-splunk`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1021.006](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/006/) | `building-attack-pattern-library-from-cti-reports`, `detecting-lateral-movement-with-splunk`, `performing-lateral-movement-detection`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1210](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1210/) | `exploiting-ms17-010-eternalblue-vulnerability`, `exploiting-zerologon-vulnerability-cve-2020-1472` |
| [T1534](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1534/) | `implementing-mitre-attack-coverage-mapping` |
| [T1570](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1570/) | `detecting-lateral-movement-in-network`, `detecting-lateral-movement-with-splunk`, `performing-lateral-movement-with-wmiexec`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
---
## 📦 Collection
**13 techniques covered**
| Technique | Skills |
|:----------|:-------|
| [T1005](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1005/) | `conducting-malware-incident-response`, `detecting-container-escape-with-falco-rules`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1039](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1039/) | `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1074](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/) | `building-attack-pattern-library-from-cti-reports`, `executing-red-team-exercise`, `hunting-for-data-staging-before-exfiltration` |
| [T1074.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/001/) | `hunting-for-data-staging-before-exfiltration`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1074.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/002/) | `hunting-for-data-staging-before-exfiltration` |
| [T1113](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1113/) | `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1114.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1114/002/) | `detecting-email-forwarding-rules-attack` |
| [T1114.003](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1114/003/) | `detecting-business-email-compromise`, `detecting-email-forwarding-rules-attack` |
| [T1115](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1115/) | `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1213](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/) | `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement` |
| [T1530](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1530/) | `detecting-insider-threat-behaviors`, `implementing-mitre-attack-coverage-mapping`, `performing-cloud-incident-containment-procedures` |
| [T1560](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560/) | `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement`, `hunting-for-data-staging-before-exfiltration` |
| [T1560.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560/001/) | `hunting-for-data-staging-before-exfiltration`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
---
## 📡 Command and Control
**20 techniques covered**
| Technique | Skills |
|:----------|:-------|
| [T1071](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/) | `analyzing-apt-group-with-mitre-navigator`, `analyzing-network-covert-channels-in-malware`, `analyzing-ransomware-network-indicators`, `analyzing-threat-actor-ttps-with-mitre-attack`, `hunting-advanced-persistent-threats` +6 more |
| [T1071.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001/) | `analyzing-apt-group-with-mitre-navigator`, `analyzing-campaign-attribution-evidence`, `analyzing-powershell-empire-artifacts`, `analyzing-powershell-script-block-logging`, `building-attack-pattern-library-from-cti-reports` +13 more |
| [T1071.004](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004/) | `building-attack-pattern-library-from-cti-reports`, `building-c2-infrastructure-with-sliver-framework`, `hunting-for-beaconing-with-frequency-analysis`, `hunting-for-command-and-control-beaconing`, `hunting-for-dns-tunneling-with-zeek` +3 more |
| [T1090](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/) | `implementing-mitre-attack-coverage-mapping`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1090.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/001/) | `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1090.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/002/) | `building-c2-infrastructure-with-sliver-framework`, `building-red-team-c2-infrastructure-with-havoc` |
| [T1090.004](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/004/) | `hunting-for-domain-fronting-c2-traffic` |
| [T1095](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1095/) | `hunting-for-command-and-control-beaconing`, `hunting-for-unusual-network-connections` |
| [T1102](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102/) | `hunting-for-living-off-the-cloud-techniques` |
| [T1105](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105/) | `analyzing-powershell-script-block-logging`, `building-attack-pattern-library-from-cti-reports`, `building-c2-infrastructure-with-sliver-framework`, `building-red-team-c2-infrastructure-with-havoc`, `detecting-fileless-attacks-on-endpoints` +7 more |
| [T1132](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1132/) | `hunting-for-command-and-control-beaconing`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1132.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1132/001/) | `building-c2-infrastructure-with-sliver-framework`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1219](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1219/) | `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1568](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/) | `hunting-for-command-and-control-beaconing`, `implementing-mitre-attack-coverage-mapping` |
| [T1568.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/002/) | `hunting-for-beaconing-with-frequency-analysis` |
| [T1571](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1571/) | `hunting-for-unusual-network-connections`, `implementing-mitre-attack-coverage-mapping` |
| [T1572](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572/) | `building-c2-infrastructure-with-sliver-framework`, `hunting-for-command-and-control-beaconing`, `hunting-for-dns-tunneling-with-zeek`, `implementing-mitre-attack-coverage-mapping` |
| [T1573](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/) | `analyzing-ransomware-network-indicators`, `hunting-for-beaconing-with-frequency-analysis`, `hunting-for-command-and-control-beaconing`, `implementing-mitre-attack-coverage-mapping`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1573.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/001/) | `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1573.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002/) | `building-c2-infrastructure-with-sliver-framework`, `building-red-team-c2-infrastructure-with-havoc` |
---
## 📤 Exfiltration
**12 techniques covered**
| Technique | Skills |
|:----------|:-------|
| [T1020](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1020/) | `hunting-for-data-exfiltration-indicators` |
| [T1029](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1029/) | `hunting-for-data-exfiltration-indicators` |
| [T1030](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1030/) | `hunting-for-data-exfiltration-indicators` |
| [T1041](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041/) | `analyzing-campaign-attribution-evidence`, `analyzing-ransomware-network-indicators`, `building-attack-pattern-library-from-cti-reports`, `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement`, `conducting-malware-incident-response` +6 more |
| [T1048](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048/) | `building-attack-pattern-library-from-cti-reports`, `building-detection-rule-with-splunk-spl`, `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement`, `hunting-for-data-exfiltration-indicators`, `implementing-continuous-security-validation-with-bas` +2 more |
| [T1048.001](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048/001/) | `hunting-for-data-exfiltration-indicators` |
| [T1048.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048/002/) | `hunting-for-data-exfiltration-indicators` |
| [T1048.003](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048/003/) | `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement`, `hunting-for-data-exfiltration-indicators`, `hunting-for-dns-tunneling-with-zeek`, `implementing-continuous-security-validation-with-bas`, `implementing-mitre-attack-coverage-mapping` +2 more |
| [T1052](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1052/) | `hunting-for-data-exfiltration-indicators` |
| [T1537](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1537/) | `hunting-for-data-exfiltration-indicators`, `hunting-for-living-off-the-cloud-techniques`, `implementing-mitre-attack-coverage-mapping`, `implementing-threat-modeling-with-mitre-attack`, `performing-cloud-incident-containment-procedures` |
| [T1567](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567/) | `detecting-insider-threat-behaviors`, `hunting-for-data-exfiltration-indicators`, `hunting-for-living-off-the-cloud-techniques`, `implementing-continuous-security-validation-with-bas`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1567.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567/002/) | `hunting-for-data-exfiltration-indicators`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
---
## 💥 Impact
**6 techniques covered**
| Technique | Skills |
|:----------|:-------|
| [T1485](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485/) | `hunting-for-shadow-copy-deletion`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1486](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486/) | `analyzing-ransomware-network-indicators`, `building-attack-pattern-library-from-cti-reports`, `building-threat-hunt-hypothesis-framework`, `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement`, `hunting-for-shadow-copy-deletion` +7 more |
| [T1489](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1489/) | `conducting-full-scope-red-team-engagement`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1490](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1490/) | `building-soc-playbook-for-ransomware`, `hunting-for-shadow-copy-deletion`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing`, `performing-purple-team-exercise` |
| [T1491](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/) | `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| [T1491.002](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/002/) | `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
---
## 🔧 Other / Cross-Tactic Techniques
| Technique | Skills |
|:----------|:-------|
| T0157 | `exploiting-kerberoasting-with-impacket` |
| T0200 | `building-vulnerability-scanning-workflow`, `performing-authenticated-scan-with-openvas` |
| T0802 | `detecting-attacks-on-historian-servers` |
| T0809 | `detecting-attacks-on-historian-servers` |
| T0814 | `detecting-modbus-command-injection-attacks` |
| T0816 | `detecting-dnp3-protocol-anomalies` |
| T0830 | `detecting-modbus-protocol-anomalies` |
| T0831 | `detecting-modbus-protocol-anomalies` |
| T0832 | `detecting-attacks-on-historian-servers` |
| T0833 | `detecting-stuxnet-style-attacks` |
| T0836 | `detecting-modbus-command-injection-attacks`, `detecting-modbus-protocol-anomalies`, `detecting-stuxnet-style-attacks` |
| T0839 | `detecting-dnp3-protocol-anomalies`, `detecting-stuxnet-style-attacks` |
| T0843 | `detecting-modbus-command-injection-attacks`, `performing-s7comm-protocol-security-analysis` |
| T0847 | `detecting-stuxnet-style-attacks` |
| T0855 | `detecting-dnp3-protocol-anomalies`, `detecting-modbus-command-injection-attacks`, `detecting-modbus-protocol-anomalies` |
| T0856 | `detecting-stuxnet-style-attacks` |
| T0862 | `detecting-stuxnet-style-attacks` |
| T0866 | `detecting-stuxnet-style-attacks` |
| T0869 | `detecting-dnp3-protocol-anomalies` |
| T0881 | `performing-s7comm-protocol-security-analysis` |
| T0886 | `detecting-modbus-protocol-anomalies` |
| T1404 | `analyzing-android-malware-with-apktool` |
| T1417 | `analyzing-android-malware-with-apktool` |
| T1418 | `analyzing-android-malware-with-apktool` |
| T1553.006 | `analyzing-uefi-bootkit-persistence` |
| T1555 | `performing-credential-access-with-lazagne`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| T1555.003 | `performing-credential-access-with-lazagne`, `performing-purple-team-atomic-testing` |
| T1555.004 | `performing-credential-access-with-lazagne` |
| T1578 | `performing-cloud-incident-containment-procedures` |
| T1582 | `analyzing-android-malware-with-apktool` |
| T1611 | `detecting-container-escape-attempts`, `detecting-container-escape-with-falco-rules` |
| T1615 | `conducting-internal-reconnaissance-with-bloodhound-ce`, `exploiting-active-directory-with-bloodhound`, `performing-active-directory-bloodhound-analysis` |
| T1620 | `detecting-fileless-attacks-on-endpoints` |
| T5577 | `performing-physical-intrusion-assessment` |
---
## How This Was Generated
This coverage map was automatically generated by scanning all 753+ SKILL.md and agent.py files for MITRE ATT&CK technique IDs (pattern: `T####` and `T####.###`). Each technique was mapped to its parent tactic using the [MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise Matrix v16](https://attack.mitre.org/matrices/enterprise/).
To regenerate: `python3 extract_attack.py`
---
## MITRE ATLAS Coverage (v5.5.0)
81 skills mapped to ATLAS adversarial ML techniques.
Key techniques applied:
- AML.T0051 — LLM Prompt Injection (Execution)
- AML.T0054 — LLM Jailbreak (Privilege Escalation)
- AML.T0088 — Generate Deepfakes (AI Attack Staging)
- AML.T0010 — AI Supply Chain Compromise (Initial Access)
- AML.T0020 — Poison Training Data (Resource Development)
- AML.T0070 — RAG Poisoning (Persistence)
- AML.T0080 — AI Agent Context Poisoning (Persistence)
- AML.T0056 — Extract LLM System Prompt (Exfiltration)
## MITRE D3FEND Coverage (v1.3)
11 skills mapped to D3FEND defensive countermeasures.
Countermeasures applied span D3FEND tactical categories:
Harden, Detect, Isolate, Deceive, Evict, Restore.
Each skill's d3fend_techniques field lists the top 5 most relevant
defensive countermeasures derived from the skill's ATT&CK technique tags.
## NIST AI RMF Coverage (AI 100-1)
85 skills mapped to NIST AI Risk Management Framework subcategories.
Core functions covered:
- GOVERN: Organizational accountability for AI risk (GOVERN-1.1, GOVERN-6.1, GOVERN-6.2)
- MAP: AI risk identification and context (MAP-5.1, MAP-5.2, MAP-1.6)
- MEASURE: AI risk analysis and evaluation (MEASURE-2.5, MEASURE-2.7, MEASURE-2.8, MEASURE-2.11)
- MANAGE: AI risk response and recovery (MANAGE-2.4, MANAGE-3.1)
GenAI-specific subcategories applied: GOVERN-6.1, GOVERN-6.2 (responsible deployment policies).
---
<p align="center">
<sub>Part of <a href="https://github.com/mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills">Anthropic Cybersecurity Skills</a> — 753+ open-source cybersecurity skills for AI agents</sub>
</p>
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cff-version: 1.2.0
message: "If you use this repository in your research, tools, or publications, please cite it as below."
type: software
title: "Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills"
abstract: >
A structured collection of 753 cybersecurity skills for AI agents, covering
penetration testing, digital forensics, threat intelligence, incident response,
cloud security, OT/SCADA security, AI security, and more. Each skill follows
a standardized format with YAML frontmatter metadata, step-by-step procedures,
tool commands, expected outputs, and MITRE ATT&CK mappings. Compatible with
Claude Code, GitHub Copilot, Cursor, Windsurf, Gemini CLI, and 20+ AI agent
platforms.
authors:
- name: "Mahipal"
email: mukuljangra5@gmail.com
alias: mukul975
repository-code: "https://github.com/mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills"
url: "https://github.com/mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills"
license: Apache-2.0
version: "1.1.0"
date-released: "2026-03-21"
keywords:
- cybersecurity
- AI agents
- skills
- penetration testing
- digital forensics
- threat intelligence
- incident response
- MITRE ATT&CK
- Claude Code
- open source
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## Enforcement
Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be reported to the community leaders responsible for enforcement at mukul975@users.noreply.github.com. All complaints will be reviewed and investigated promptly and fairly.
Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be reported to the community leaders responsible for enforcement at mukuljangra5@gmail.com. All complaints will be reviewed and investigated promptly and fairly.
All community leaders are obligated to respect the privacy and security of the reporter of any incident.
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<p align="center">
<img src="assets/banner.png" alt="Anthropic Cybersecurity Skills" width="600">
<img src="assets/banner.png" alt="Anthropic Cybersecurity Skills" width="100%">
</p>
<p align="center">
<strong>611+ cybersecurity skills for AI agents &middot; agentskills.io open standard</strong>
<a href="LICENSE"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/license-Apache%202.0-blue.svg" alt="License"></a>
<a href="https://github.com/mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills/stargazers"><img src="https://img.shields.io/github/stars/mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills?style=social" alt="Stars"></a>
<a href="#-framework-coverage"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/frameworks-5%20mapped-brightgreen.svg" alt="Frameworks"></a>
<a href="#-whats-inside"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/skills-754-orange.svg" alt="Skills"></a>
<a href="https://agentskills.io"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/standard-agentskills.io-purple.svg" alt="agentskills.io"></a>
<a href="#-compatible-platforms"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/platforms-26%2B-blue.svg" alt="Platforms"></a>
</p>
<p align="center">
<a href="LICENSE"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/license-Apache_2.0-blue.svg?style=flat" alt="License"></a>
<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/skills-611%2B-brightgreen?style=flat" alt="Skills Count">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/github/stars/mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills?style=flat" alt="Stars">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills?style=flat" alt="Last Commit">
<a href="https://agentskills.io"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/standard-agentskills.io-purple?style=flat" alt="Agent Skills"></a>
<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/platforms-26%2B-orange?style=flat" alt="Platforms">
<strong>754 production-grade cybersecurity skills for AI agents — mapped to 5 industry frameworks</strong>
</p>
<p align="center">
<em>MITRE ATT&CK · NIST CSF 2.0 · MITRE ATLAS · MITRE D3FEND · NIST AI RMF</em>
</p>
> ⚠️ **Community Project** — This is an independent, community-created project. Not affiliated with Anthropic PBC.
---
The largest open-source collection of cybersecurity skills for AI agents. Every skill follows the [agentskills.io](https://agentskills.io) open standard and works instantly with Claude Code, GitHub Copilot, OpenAI Codex CLI, Cursor, Gemini CLI, and 20+ other platforms.
## Why this exists
## Quick Start (30 seconds)
AI agents are transforming cybersecurity — but they lack structured domain knowledge. A junior analyst knows which Volatility3 plugin to run on a suspicious memory dump. Your AI agent doesn't — unless you give it the skills.
**Anthropic Cybersecurity Skills** gives every AI agent instant access to **754 production-grade cybersecurity skills** spanning 26 security domains. Each skill follows the [agentskills.io](https://agentskills.io) open standard: YAML frontmatter for lightning-fast discovery, structured Markdown for step-by-step execution, and reference files for deep technical context.
**What makes v1.2.0 different from every other security skills repo:**
- **5-framework mapping** — Every skill is mapped to MITRE ATT&CK, NIST CSF 2.0, MITRE ATLAS v5.5, MITRE D3FEND v1.3, and NIST AI RMF 1.0. No other open-source library does this.
- **AI-native format** — Skills cost ~30 tokens to scan, provide full expert-level guidance when triggered, and work across 26+ AI agent platforms.
- **Real practitioner knowledge** — Not generated summaries. Structured workflows that mirror how senior security professionals actually work.
## 🚀 Quick start
```bash
# Add as Claude Code marketplace
# Option 1: npx (recommended)
npx skills add mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills
# Option 2: Claude Code
/plugin marketplace add mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills
# Or clone directly
git clone https://github.com/mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills .skills/cybersecurity
# Option 3: Manual clone
git clone https://github.com/mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills.git
cd Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills
```
## Skill Categories
Works immediately with Claude Code, GitHub Copilot, OpenAI Codex CLI, Cursor, Gemini CLI, and any MCP-compatible agent.
| Category | Skills | Example Skills |
|----------|-------:|----------------|
| Cloud Security | 48 | AWS S3 Bucket Audit, Azure AD Configuration, GCP Security Assessment |
| Threat Intelligence | 43 | APT Group Analysis with MITRE Navigator, Campaign Attribution, Dark Web Monitoring |
| Web Application Security | 41 | HTTP Request Smuggling, XSS with Burp Suite, Web Cache Poisoning |
| Threat Hunting | 35 | Credential Dumping Detection, DNS Tunneling with Zeek, Living-off-the-Land Binaries |
| Malware Analysis | 34 | Cobalt Strike Beacon Config, Ghidra Reverse Engineering, YARA Rule Development |
| Digital Forensics | 34 | Disk Imaging with dd/dcfldd, Memory Forensics with Volatility3, Browser Forensics |
| SOC Operations | 33 | Windows Event Log Analysis, Splunk Detection Rules, SIEM Use Case Implementation |
| Network Security | 33 | Wireshark Traffic Analysis, VLAN Segmentation, Suricata IDS Configuration |
| Identity & Access Management | 33 | SAML SSO with Okta, Privileged Access Management, RBAC for Kubernetes |
| OT/ICS Security | 28 | SCADA System Attack Detection, Modbus Anomaly Detection, Purdue Model Segmentation |
| API Security | 28 | API Enumeration Detection, BOLA Exploitation, GraphQL Security Assessment |
| Container Security | 26 | Trivy Image Scanning, Falco Runtime Detection, Kubernetes Pod Security |
| Vulnerability Management | 24 | DefectDojo Dashboard, CVSS Scoring, Patch Management Workflow |
| Red Teaming | 24 | Sliver C2 Framework, BloodHound AD Analysis, Kerberoasting with Impacket |
| Incident Response | 24 | Ransomware Response, Cloud Incident Containment, Volatile Evidence Collection |
| Penetration Testing | 23 | External Network Pentest, Kubernetes Pentest, Active Directory Pentest |
| Zero Trust Architecture | 17 | HashiCorp Boundary, Zscaler ZTNA, BeyondCorp Access Model |
| Endpoint Security | 16 | CIS Benchmark Hardening, Windows Defender Configuration, Host-Based IDS |
| DevSecOps | 16 | GitLab CI Pipeline, Semgrep Custom SAST Rules, Secret Scanning with Gitleaks |
| Phishing Defense | 16 | Email Header Analysis, GoPhish Simulation, DMARC/DKIM/SPF Configuration |
| Cryptography | 13 | TLS 1.3 Configuration, HSM Key Storage, Certificate Authority with OpenSSL |
| Mobile Security | 12 | iOS App Analysis with Objection, Android Malware Reverse Engineering, Frida Hooking |
| Ransomware Defense | 5 | Ransomware Precursor Detection, Backup Strategy, Honeypot Detection |
| Compliance & Governance | 5 | GDPR Data Protection, ISO 27001 ISMS, PCI DSS Controls |
## 📖 Table of contents
## How It Works
- [🛡️ What's inside](#-whats-inside)
- [🗺️ Framework coverage](#-framework-coverage)
- [🤖 Compatible platforms](#-compatible-platforms)
- [📐 Skill structure](#-skill-structure)
- [🧠 How AI agents use these skills](#-how-ai-agents-use-these-skills)
- [📝 Example skills](#-example-skills)
- [👥 Contributing](#-contributing)
- [⭐ Star history](#-star-history)
- [📄 License](#-license)
Each skill follows the [agentskills.io](https://agentskills.io) **progressive disclosure** pattern. During discovery, an AI agent reads only the YAML frontmatter (~30-50 tokens) to decide relevance:
## 🛡️ What's inside
**754 skills across 26 security domains:**
| Domain | Skills | Example capabilities |
|--------|--------|---------------------|
| ☁️ Cloud Security | 60 | AWS S3 bucket audit, Azure AD config review, GCP IAM assessment |
| 🔍 Threat Hunting | 55 | C2 beaconing detection, DNS tunneling analysis, living-off-the-land |
| 📡 Threat Intelligence | 50 | APT group analysis with MITRE Navigator, campaign attribution, IOC enrichment |
| 🌐 Web Application Security | 42 | HTTP request smuggling, XSS with Burp Suite, web cache poisoning |
| 🔌 Network Security | 40 | Wireshark traffic analysis, VLAN segmentation, Suricata IDS tuning |
| 🦠 Malware Analysis | 39 | Ghidra reverse engineering, YARA rules, .NET decompilation |
| 🔎 Digital Forensics | 37 | Disk imaging with dd/dcfldd, Volatility3 memory forensics, browser artifacts |
| 📊 Security Operations | 36 | SIEM correlation rules, alert triage workflows, SOC playbooks |
| 🔑 IAM Security | 35 | SAML SSO with Okta, PAM deployment, service account hardening |
| 🖥️ SOC Operations | 33 | Tier 1-3 escalation procedures, incident classification, metrics tracking |
| ☸️ Container Security | 30 | Kubernetes RBAC audit, pod security policies, etcd encryption |
| 🏭 OT/ICS Security | 28 | SCADA monitoring, Modbus anomaly detection, Purdue model enforcement |
| 🔗 API Security | 28 | OAuth2 flow analysis, rate limiting, API gateway hardening |
| 🎯 Vulnerability Management | 25 | Nessus scanning, CVSS scoring, risk-based prioritization |
| 🚨 Incident Response | 25 | Containment procedures, evidence preservation, post-incident review |
| 🔴 Red Teaming | 24 | Cobalt Strike operations, LOTL techniques, evasion & persistence |
| 🎯 Penetration Testing | 23 | Active Directory exploitation, OSCP-style methodology, pivoting |
| 💻 Endpoint Security | 17 | EDR deployment, host-based detection, anti-tamper configuration |
| 🔧 DevSecOps | 17 | Pipeline security gates, SAST/DAST integration, IaC scanning |
| 🎣 Phishing Defense | 16 | Email header analysis, phishing simulation, DMARC/DKIM/SPF |
| 🕵️ OSINT | 15 | Domain reconnaissance, social engineering recon, dark web monitoring |
| 🔐 Cryptography | 14 | TLS configuration audit, certificate lifecycle, key management |
| 🏰 Zero Trust | 13 | Microsegmentation, BeyondCorp implementation, continuous verification |
| 📱 Mobile Security | 12 | APK analysis with APKTool, iOS forensics, MDM bypass detection |
| 🛡️ Ransomware Defense | 7 | Backup validation, recovery procedures, negotiation awareness |
| 🪤 Deception Technology | 5 | Honeypot deployment, honey tokens, decoy credential monitoring |
| **TOTAL** | **754** | |
## 🗺️ Framework coverage
v1.2.0 maps every skill to **5 industry-standard frameworks** — a first for any open-source cybersecurity skills library.
### MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise — 754/754 skills mapped
All 14 Enterprise tactics covered with 200+ technique mappings:
| Tactic | ID | Skills |
|--------|----|--------|
| Reconnaissance | TA0043 | 45+ |
| Resource Development | TA0042 | 30+ |
| Initial Access | TA0001 | 55+ |
| Execution | TA0002 | 60+ |
| Persistence | TA0003 | 50+ |
| Privilege Escalation | TA0004 | 55+ |
| Defense Evasion | TA0005 | 65+ |
| Credential Access | TA0006 | 45+ |
| Discovery | TA0007 | 50+ |
| Lateral Movement | TA0008 | 40+ |
| Collection | TA0009 | 35+ |
| Command and Control | TA0011 | 40+ |
| Exfiltration | TA0010 | 30+ |
| Impact | TA0040 | 35+ |
### NIST CSF 2.0 — 754/754 skills aligned
| Function | Skills | Coverage areas |
|----------|--------|---------------|
| Govern (GV) | 80+ | Policy, risk strategy, supply chain oversight |
| Identify (ID) | 120+ | Asset management, risk assessment, improvement |
| Protect (PR) | 150+ | Access control, awareness, data security, platform security |
| Detect (DE) | 200+ | Continuous monitoring, adverse event analysis |
| Respond (RS) | 160+ | Incident management, analysis, mitigation, reporting |
| Recover (RC) | 44+ | Recovery planning, execution, communication |
### 🆕 MITRE ATLAS v5.5 — 81 skills (NEW in v1.2.0)
AI-specific adversarial threat coverage including:
- ML model poisoning and evasion techniques
- AI supply chain compromise scenarios
- LLM prompt injection defense workflows
- AI agent tool abuse detection
- Agentic AI escape-to-host prevention
### 🆕 MITRE D3FEND v1.3 — 139 skills (NEW in v1.2.0)
Defensive technique mappings across all 7 D3FEND tactics:
- **Model** (27 techniques) — Threat modeling, attack surface analysis
- **Harden** (51 techniques) — System hardening, configuration management
- **Detect** (90 techniques) — Monitoring, anomaly detection, behavioral analysis
- **Isolate** (57 techniques) — Segmentation, sandboxing, containment
- **Deceive** (11 techniques) — Honeypots, decoys, misdirection
- **Evict** (19 techniques) — Threat removal, credential rotation
- **Restore** (12 techniques) — Backup, recovery, resilience
### 🆕 NIST AI RMF 1.0 — 85 skills (NEW in v1.2.0)
AI risk management coverage aligned with the four core functions:
- **Govern** — AI governance, accountability, organizational policies
- **Map** — AI system context, risk identification, stakeholder analysis
- **Measure** — AI risk metrics, testing, validation
- **Manage** — AI risk treatment, monitoring, continuous improvement
> 💡 **Why 5 frameworks matter:** Organizations face overlapping compliance requirements. A single skill like "analyzing-network-traffic-of-malware" maps to ATT&CK T1071 (Application Layer Protocol), NIST CSF DE.CM (Continuous Monitoring), ATLAS AML.T0047 (Evade ML Model), D3FEND D3-NTA (Network Traffic Analysis), and AI RMF MEASURE 2.6 (AI system monitoring). One skill, five compliance checkboxes.
## 🤖 Compatible platforms
**AI code assistants:**
Claude Code (Anthropic) · GitHub Copilot (Microsoft) · Cursor · Windsurf · Cline · Aider · Continue · Roo Code · Amazon Q Developer · Tabnine · Sourcegraph Cody · JetBrains AI
**CLI agents:**
OpenAI Codex CLI · Gemini CLI (Google)
**Autonomous agents:**
Devin · Replit Agent · SWE-agent · OpenHands
**Agent frameworks & SDKs:**
LangChain · CrewAI · AutoGen · Semantic Kernel · Haystack · Vercel AI SDK · Any MCP-compatible agent
## 📐 Skill structure
Every skill follows the [agentskills.io](https://agentskills.io) open standard:
```
skills/performing-memory-forensics-with-volatility3/
├── SKILL.md # Skill definition (YAML frontmatter + Markdown body)
│ ├── Frontmatter # → name, description, domain, tags, frameworks
│ ├── When to Use # → Trigger conditions for AI agents
│ ├── Prerequisites # → Required tools, access, environment
│ ├── Workflow # → Step-by-step execution guide
│ └── Verification # → How to confirm success
├── references/
│ ├── standards.md # MITRE ATT&CK, ATLAS, D3FEND, NIST mappings
│ └── workflows.md # Deep technical procedure reference
├── scripts/
│ └── process.py # Practitioner helper scripts
└── assets/
└── template.md # Checklists, report templates
```
**YAML frontmatter example:**
```yaml
---
name: performing-memory-forensics-with-volatility3
description: Analyze memory dumps to extract processes, network connections, and malware artifacts using Volatility3.
description: >-
Analyze memory dumps to extract running processes, network connections,
injected code, and malware artifacts using the Volatility3 framework.
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: digital-forensics
tags: [forensics, memory-analysis, volatility3, incident-response]
tags: [forensics, memory-analysis, volatility3, incident-response, dfir]
atlas_techniques: [AML.T0047]
d3fend_techniques: [D3-MA, D3-PSMD]
nist_ai_rmf: [MEASURE-2.6]
nist_csf: [DE.CM-01, RS.AN-03]
version: "1.2"
author: mukul975
license: Apache-2.0
---
```
If the skill matches the task, the agent loads the full body -- workflow steps, prerequisites, tool commands, and verification checks -- without wasting tokens on irrelevant skills.
### Progressive disclosure — why 754 skills don't slow your agent down
## Compatible Platforms
| Stage | Token cost | When |
|-------|-----------|------|
| Discovery scan | ~30 tokens | Always — agent reads YAML frontmatter |
| Full skill load | 5002000 tokens | Only when skill matches the task |
| Deep reference pull | 10005000 tokens | Only when agent needs technical depth |
These skills work with any tool that supports the agentskills.io standard or can read structured Markdown:
Irrelevant skills cost virtually nothing. Relevant skills provide complete expert-level guidance.
| Platform | Integration |
|----------|------------|
| **Claude Code** | Native skill loading via `/plugin` |
| **GitHub Copilot** | Workspace context via `.skills/` directory |
| **OpenAI Codex CLI** | File-based context injection |
| **Cursor** | Project rules and docs integration |
| **Gemini CLI** | Context file loading |
| **Amp** | Skill directory mounting |
| **Goose** | Plugin-based skill loading |
| **Windsurf** | Context awareness from project files |
| **Aider** | Repository map integration |
| **Continue** | Custom context providers |
| And 16+ others | Any agent that reads structured Markdown |
## Skill Anatomy
Every skill follows a consistent directory structure:
## 🧠 How AI agents use these skills
```
skills/{skill-name}/
├── SKILL.md # Skill definition with YAML frontmatter
│ ├── Frontmatter # name, description, domain, subdomain, tags
│ ├── When to Use # Trigger conditions for AI agents
│ ├── Prerequisites # Required tools and access
│ ├── Workflow # Step-by-step execution guide
└── Verification # How to confirm success
├── references/
│ ├── standards.md # NIST, MITRE ATT&CK, CVE references
│ └── workflows.md # Deep technical procedure reference
├── scripts/
│ └── process.py # Practitioner helper scripts
└── assets/
└── template.md # Checklists and report templates
User prompt: "Analyze this memory dump for signs of credential theft"
Agent's internal process:
1. Scans 754 skill frontmatters (~30 tokens each) → finds 12 relevant skills
2. Loads top matches:
- performing-memory-forensics-with-volatility3
- hunting-for-credential-dumping-lsass
- analyzing-windows-event-logs-for-credential-access
3. Follows structured workflow from SKILL.md
4. References ATT&CK T1003 (Credential Dumping) mapping
5. Maps findings to D3FEND D3-PSMD (Process Self-Modification Detection)
6. Outputs structured findings with framework references
```
## Contributing
## 📝 Example skills
We welcome contributions from the cybersecurity community. See [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) for guidelines on adding new skills, improving existing ones, and our review process.
<details>
<summary><strong>🔍 Hunting for C2 beaconing</strong></summary>
## License
**Domain:** Threat Hunting · **ATT&CK:** T1071, T1573 · **D3FEND:** D3-NTA · **CSF:** DE.CM-01
<a href="LICENSE"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/license-Apache_2.0-blue.svg?style=flat" alt="License"></a>
Identifies command-and-control communication patterns in network traffic using beacon interval analysis, JA3/JA3S fingerprinting, and DNS request frequency modeling. Includes Zeek scripts for automated detection and SIEM correlation rules.
This project is licensed under the Apache License 2.0. See [LICENSE](LICENSE) for details.
</details>
<details>
<summary><strong>🦠 Reverse engineering .NET malware with dnSpy</strong></summary>
**Domain:** Malware Analysis · **ATT&CK:** T1027, T1059.001 · **ATLAS:** AML.T0016 · **CSF:** DE.AE-02
Step-by-step decompilation workflow for .NET executables including de-obfuscation techniques, string decryption, C2 extraction, and behavioral analysis. Includes YARA rule templates for family classification.
</details>
<details>
<summary><strong>☸️ Auditing Kubernetes RBAC configurations</strong></summary>
**Domain:** Container Security · **ATT&CK:** T1078.004 · **D3FEND:** D3-ACL · **CSF:** PR.AA-01 · **AI RMF:** GOVERN-1.2
Systematic review of ClusterRoles, RoleBindings, and ServiceAccounts to identify overprivileged workloads, lateral movement paths, and secrets exposure. Includes kubectl audit scripts and remediation playbooks.
</details>
## 👥 Contributing
We welcome contributions! See [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) for guidelines.
**Ways to contribute:**
- 🆕 Add new skills using the [New Skill template](https://github.com/mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills/issues/new?template=new-skill.yml)
- 🐛 Report issues with the [Bug Report template](https://github.com/mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills/issues/new?template=bug-report.yml)
- 💡 Request features via [Feature Request](https://github.com/mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills/issues/new?template=feature-request.yml)
- 📝 Improve documentation or fix typos
- 🗺️ Add framework mappings to existing skills
Every PR gets reviewed for technical accuracy and consistency with the agentskills.io standard. We aim to review within 48 hours.
## ⭐ Star history
[![Star History Chart](https://api.star-history.com/svg?repos=mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills&type=Date)](https://star-history.com/#mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills&Date)
## 🌐 Community
- 📋 Listed on [SkillsLLM](https://skillsllm.com/skill/anthropic-cybersecurity-skills)
- 📚 Featured in [awesome-agent-skills](https://github.com/VoltAgent/awesome-agent-skills)
- 🔒 Featured in [awesome-ai-security](https://github.com/ottosulin/awesome-ai-security)
- 🖥️ Featured in [awesome-codex-cli](https://github.com/RoggeOhta/awesome-codex-cli)
- 📖 [Complete guide on Medium](https://fazal-sec.medium.com/claude-skills-ai-powered-cybersecurity-the-complete-guide-to-building-intelligent-security-7bb7e9d14c8e)
## 📄 License
Apache License 2.0 — free for commercial and personal use. See [LICENSE](LICENSE) for details.
---
<p align="center">
<strong>If these skills help your AI agent defend better, consider giving this repo a ⭐</strong>
</p>
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# Security Framework Mappings
# MITRE ATT&CK Navigator Layer - Anthropic Cybersecurity Skills
This directory maps the 607+ cybersecurity skills in this repository to industry-standard security frameworks, enabling practitioners and AI agents to discover relevant skills through the lens of established security models.
This directory contains a MITRE ATT&CK Navigator layer file that maps the coverage of the Anthropic Cybersecurity Skills repository against the ATT&CK Enterprise matrix.
## Supported Frameworks
## Files
### MITRE ATT&CK v15
| File | Description |
|------|-------------|
| `attack-navigator-layer.json` | ATT&CK Navigator layer (v4.5 format, Enterprise ATT&CK v14) |
The [MITRE ATT&CK](https://attack.mitre.org/) framework is a globally accessible knowledge base of adversary tactics and techniques based on real-world observations. Skills are mapped to:
## How to View
- **Tactics** (TA00xx) -- the adversary's tactical goals during an operation
- **Techniques** (T1xxx) -- the specific methods used to achieve those goals
- **Sub-techniques** (T1xxx.xxx) -- more granular variations of techniques
1. Open the [MITRE ATT&CK Navigator](https://mitre-attack.github.io/attack-navigator/)
2. Click **Open Existing Layer**
3. Select **Upload from local** and choose `attack-navigator-layer.json`
4. The matrix will display with blue-shaded techniques indicating coverage
See [`mitre-attack/`](mitre-attack/) for the full mapping and coverage analysis.
Alternatively, paste the raw JSON URL into the Navigator's "Load from URL" option if this file is hosted publicly.
### NIST Cybersecurity Framework 2.0
## Coverage Statistics
The [NIST CSF 2.0](https://www.nist.gov/cyberframework) provides a taxonomy of high-level cybersecurity outcomes organized into 6 core functions:
| Metric | Value |
|--------|-------|
| Total skills scanned | 742 |
| Unique ATT&CK techniques referenced | 218 |
| Parent techniques | 94 |
| Sub-techniques | 124 |
| Tactics with coverage | 14/14 |
| Function | Code | Description |
|----------|------|-------------|
| Govern | GV | Establishing and monitoring cybersecurity risk management strategy |
| Identify | ID | Understanding organizational cybersecurity risk |
| Protect | PR | Safeguarding assets through security controls |
| Detect | DE | Finding and analyzing cybersecurity events |
| Respond | RS | Taking action regarding detected incidents |
| Recover | RC | Restoring capabilities after an incident |
## Coverage by Tactic
See [`nist-csf/`](nist-csf/) for the full alignment and category mapping.
| Tactic | Techniques Covered |
|--------|-------------------|
| Defense Evasion | 36 |
| Credential Access | 33 |
| Persistence | 29 |
| Initial Access | 17 |
| Command and Control | 17 |
| Privilege Escalation | 13 |
| Discovery | 12 |
| Exfiltration | 12 |
| Reconnaissance | 11 |
| Collection | 10 |
| Lateral Movement | 9 |
| Execution | 8 |
| Resource Development | 6 |
| Impact | 5 |
### OWASP Top 10 (2025)
## Color Scale
The [OWASP Top 10](https://owasp.org/www-project-top-ten/) represents the most critical security risks to web applications. Skills are mapped to each risk category to provide hands-on remediation and testing capabilities.
The layer uses a blue gradient to indicate coverage depth:
See [`owasp/`](owasp/) for the full mapping.
- **Light blue** (`#cfe2f3`): 1-2 skills reference this technique
- **Medium blue** (`#6fa8dc`): 3-5 skills reference this technique
- **Dark blue** (`#3d85c6`): 6-10 skills reference this technique
- **Deep blue** (`#1155cc`): 11+ skills reference this technique
## How Mappings Work
## Top 10 Most Covered Techniques
Each skill in this repository has YAML frontmatter with `domain`, `subdomain`, and `tags` fields. Framework mappings aggregate skills by subdomain relevance and tag correlation:
| Technique | Name | Skills |
|-----------|------|--------|
| T1059.001 | PowerShell | 26 |
| T1055 | Process Injection | 17 |
| T1053.005 | Scheduled Task | 16 |
| T1566.001 | Spearphishing Attachment | 15 |
| T1558.003 | Kerberoasting | 14 |
| T1547.001 | Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder | 13 |
| T1078 | Valid Accounts | 13 |
| T1003.006 | DCSync | 13 |
| T1071.001 | Web Protocols | 12 |
| T1021.002 | SMB/Windows Admin Shares | 12 |
```
Skill YAML frontmatter
-> subdomain (e.g., "penetration-testing")
-> tags (e.g., ["mitre-attack", "privilege-escalation"])
-> Framework mapping (e.g., ATT&CK TA0004 Privilege Escalation)
```
## Methodology
Mappings are maintained at the subdomain level for scalability. Individual skills may also carry framework-specific tags in their frontmatter for precise lookups.
Techniques were extracted by scanning all `SKILL.md` files in the repository for ATT&CK technique ID patterns (`T1XXX` and `T1XXX.XXX`). Each technique's score is proportional to the number of distinct skills that reference it, normalized to a 1-100 scale.
## Subdomain Distribution (607 skills)
## Layer Format
| Subdomain | Skills | Primary Frameworks |
|-----------|--------|--------------------|
| cloud-security | 48 | ATT&CK, NIST CSF |
| threat-intelligence | 43 | ATT&CK, NIST CSF |
| web-application-security | 41 | ATT&CK, OWASP |
| threat-hunting | 35 | ATT&CK, NIST CSF |
| digital-forensics | 34 | ATT&CK, NIST CSF |
| malware-analysis | 34 | ATT&CK, NIST CSF |
| identity-access-management | 33 | ATT&CK, NIST CSF |
| network-security | 33 | ATT&CK, NIST CSF |
| soc-operations | 33 | ATT&CK, NIST CSF |
| api-security | 28 | OWASP, ATT&CK |
| ot-ics-security | 28 | ATT&CK (ICS), NIST CSF |
| container-security | 26 | ATT&CK, NIST CSF |
| incident-response | 24 | ATT&CK, NIST CSF |
| vulnerability-management | 24 | ATT&CK, NIST CSF, OWASP |
| penetration-testing | 23 | ATT&CK |
| red-teaming | 24 | ATT&CK |
| devsecops | 16 | NIST CSF, OWASP |
| endpoint-security | 16 | ATT&CK, NIST CSF |
| phishing-defense | 16 | ATT&CK, NIST CSF |
| cryptography | 13 | NIST CSF |
| zero-trust-architecture | 13 | NIST CSF |
| mobile-security | 12 | ATT&CK (Mobile), OWASP |
| compliance-governance | 5 | NIST CSF |
| ransomware-defense | 5 | ATT&CK, NIST CSF |
- **Format version**: 4.5
- **ATT&CK version**: 14 (Enterprise)
- **Navigator version**: 4.9.1
- **Domain**: enterprise-attack
## Contributing
## Related Links
To add or update a framework mapping:
1. Identify the skill subdomain and relevant framework category
2. Update the corresponding mapping file in the framework directory
3. Ensure the skill's YAML frontmatter tags reflect the mapping
4. Submit a pull request with the mapping justification
- [MITRE ATT&CK Framework](https://attack.mitre.org/)
- [ATT&CK Navigator](https://mitre-attack.github.io/attack-navigator/)
- [ATT&CK Navigator GitHub](https://github.com/mitre-attack/attack-navigator)
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# ATT&CK Coverage Summary
Coverage analysis of the 607 cybersecurity skills mapped to MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v15 tactics.
Coverage analysis of the 753 cybersecurity skills mapped to MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise v15 tactics.
## Tactic Coverage Matrix
@@ -1,21 +1,201 @@
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cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
as of the date such litigation is filed.
4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
meet the following conditions:
(a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that You changed the files; and
(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
the Derivative Works; and
(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
within such NOTICE file, excluding any notices that do not
pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
as modifying the License.
You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
the conditions stated in this License.
5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. Please do not remove or change
the license header comment from a contributed file except when
necessary.
Copyright 2026 mukul975
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
@@ -1,12 +1,24 @@
---
name: acquiring-disk-image-with-dd-and-dcfldd
description: Create forensically sound bit-for-bit disk images using dd and dcfldd while preserving evidence integrity through hash verification.
description: Create forensically sound bit-for-bit disk images using dd and dcfldd while preserving evidence integrity through
hash verification.
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: digital-forensics
tags: [forensics, disk-imaging, evidence-acquisition, dd, dcfldd, hash-verification]
version: "1.0"
tags:
- forensics
- disk-imaging
- evidence-acquisition
- dd
- dcfldd
- hash-verification
version: '1.0'
author: mahipal
license: MIT
license: Apache-2.0
nist_csf:
- RS.AN-01
- RS.AN-03
- DE.AE-02
- RS.MA-01
---
# Acquiring Disk Image with dd and dcfldd
@@ -1,17 +1,19 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Forensic disk image acquisition agent using dd and dcfldd with hash verification."""
import shlex
import subprocess
import hashlib
import os
import sys
import datetime
import json
def run_cmd(cmd, capture=True):
"""Execute a shell command and return output."""
result = subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True, capture_output=capture, text=True)
"""Execute a command and return output."""
if isinstance(cmd, str):
cmd = shlex.split(cmd)
result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=capture, text=True, timeout=120)
return result.stdout.strip(), result.stderr.strip(), result.returncode
@@ -65,16 +67,22 @@ def compute_hash(path, algorithm="sha256", block_size=65536):
def acquire_with_dd(source, destination, block_size=4096, log_file=None):
"""Acquire a forensic image using dd with error handling."""
cmd = (
f"dd if={source} of={destination} bs={block_size} "
f"conv=noerror,sync status=progress"
)
if log_file:
cmd += f" 2>&1 | tee {log_file}"
dd_cmd = [
"dd", f"if={source}", f"of={destination}",
f"bs={block_size}", "conv=noerror,sync", "status=progress"
]
print(f"[*] Starting dd acquisition: {source} -> {destination}")
print(f"[*] Block size: {block_size}")
start = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
_, stderr, rc = run_cmd(cmd, capture=False)
if log_file:
dd_proc = subprocess.run(dd_cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=120)
combined = (dd_proc.stdout or "") + (dd_proc.stderr or "")
with open(log_file, "w") as lf:
lf.write(combined)
rc = dd_proc.returncode
else:
result = subprocess.run(dd_cmd, text=True, timeout=120)
rc = result.returncode
elapsed = (datetime.datetime.utcnow() - start).total_seconds()
print(f"[*] Acquisition completed in {elapsed:.1f} seconds (rc={rc})")
return rc == 0
@@ -83,18 +91,21 @@ def acquire_with_dd(source, destination, block_size=4096, log_file=None):
def acquire_with_dcfldd(source, destination, hash_alg="sha256", hash_log=None,
error_log=None, block_size=4096, split_size=None):
"""Acquire a forensic image using dcfldd with built-in hashing."""
cmd = f"dcfldd if={source} of={destination} bs={block_size} conv=noerror,sync"
cmd += f" hash={hash_alg}"
cmd = [
"dcfldd", f"if={source}", f"of={destination}",
f"bs={block_size}", "conv=noerror,sync",
f"hash={hash_alg}", "hashwindow=1G",
]
if hash_log:
cmd += f" hashlog={hash_log}"
cmd += " hashwindow=1G"
cmd.append(f"hashlog={hash_log}")
if error_log:
cmd += f" errlog={error_log}"
cmd.append(f"errlog={error_log}")
if split_size:
cmd += f" split={split_size} splitformat=aa"
cmd.extend([f"split={split_size}", "splitformat=aa"])
print(f"[*] Starting dcfldd acquisition: {source} -> {destination}")
start = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
_, stderr, rc = run_cmd(cmd, capture=False)
result = subprocess.run(cmd, text=True, timeout=120)
rc = result.returncode
elapsed = (datetime.datetime.utcnow() - start).total_seconds()
print(f"[*] dcfldd completed in {elapsed:.1f} seconds (rc={rc})")
return rc == 0
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
Apache License
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http://www.apache.org/licenses/
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Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that You changed the files; and
(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
the Derivative Works; and
(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
within such NOTICE file, excluding any notices that do not
pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
as modifying the License.
You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
the conditions stated in this License.
5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. Please do not remove or change
the license header comment from a contributed file except when
necessary.
Copyright 2026 mukul975
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
---
name: analyzing-active-directory-acl-abuse
description: Detect dangerous ACL misconfigurations in Active Directory using ldap3 to identify GenericAll, WriteDACL, and
WriteOwner abuse paths
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: identity-security
tags:
- active-directory
- acl-abuse
- ldap
- privilege-escalation
version: '1.0'
author: mahipal
license: Apache-2.0
nist_csf:
- PR.AA-01
- PR.AA-05
- PR.AA-06
---
# Analyzing Active Directory ACL Abuse
## Overview
Active Directory Access Control Lists (ACLs) define permissions on AD objects through Discretionary Access Control Lists (DACLs) containing Access Control Entries (ACEs). Misconfigured ACEs can grant non-privileged users dangerous permissions such as GenericAll (full control), WriteDACL (modify permissions), WriteOwner (take ownership), and GenericWrite (modify attributes) on sensitive objects like Domain Admins groups, domain controllers, or GPOs.
This skill uses the ldap3 Python library to connect to a Domain Controller, query objects with their nTSecurityDescriptor attribute, parse the binary security descriptor into SDDL (Security Descriptor Definition Language) format, and identify ACEs that grant dangerous permissions to non-administrative principals. These misconfigurations are the basis for ACL-based attack paths discovered by tools like BloodHound.
## When to Use
- When investigating security incidents that require analyzing active directory acl abuse
- When building detection rules or threat hunting queries for this domain
- When SOC analysts need structured procedures for this analysis type
- When validating security monitoring coverage for related attack techniques
## Prerequisites
- Python 3.9 or later with ldap3 library (`pip install ldap3`)
- Domain user credentials with read access to AD objects
- Network connectivity to Domain Controller on port 389 (LDAP) or 636 (LDAPS)
- Understanding of Active Directory security model and SDDL format
## Steps
1. **Connect to Domain Controller**: Establish an LDAP connection using ldap3 with NTLM or simple authentication. Use LDAPS (port 636) for encrypted connections in production.
2. **Query target objects**: Search the target OU or entire domain for objects including users, groups, computers, and OUs. Request the `nTSecurityDescriptor`, `distinguishedName`, `objectClass`, and `sAMAccountName` attributes.
3. **Parse security descriptors**: Convert the binary nTSecurityDescriptor into its SDDL string representation. Parse each ACE in the DACL to extract the trustee SID, access mask, and ACE type (allow/deny).
4. **Resolve SIDs to principals**: Map security identifiers (SIDs) to human-readable account names using LDAP lookups against the domain. Identify well-known SIDs for built-in groups.
5. **Check for dangerous permissions**: Compare each ACE's access mask against dangerous permission bitmasks: GenericAll (0x10000000), WriteDACL (0x00040000), WriteOwner (0x00080000), GenericWrite (0x40000000), and WriteProperty for specific extended rights.
6. **Filter non-admin trustees**: Exclude expected administrative trustees (Domain Admins, Enterprise Admins, SYSTEM, Administrators) and flag ACEs where non-privileged users or groups hold dangerous permissions.
7. **Map attack paths**: For each finding, document the potential attack chain (e.g., GenericAll on user allows password reset, WriteDACL on group allows adding self to group).
8. **Generate remediation report**: Output a JSON report with all dangerous ACEs, affected objects, non-admin trustees, and recommended remediation steps.
## Expected Output
```json
{
"domain": "corp.example.com",
"objects_scanned": 1247,
"dangerous_aces_found": 8,
"findings": [
{
"severity": "critical",
"target_object": "CN=Domain Admins,CN=Users,DC=corp,DC=example,DC=com",
"target_type": "group",
"trustee": "CORP\\helpdesk-team",
"permission": "GenericAll",
"access_mask": "0x10000000",
"ace_type": "ACCESS_ALLOWED",
"attack_path": "GenericAll on Domain Admins group allows adding arbitrary members",
"remediation": "Remove GenericAll ACE for helpdesk-team on Domain Admins"
}
]
}
```
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
# Active Directory ACL Abuse API Reference
## ldap3 Python Connection
```python
from ldap3 import Server, Connection, ALL, NTLM, SUBTREE
server = Server("192.168.1.10", get_info=ALL, use_ssl=False)
conn = Connection(server, user="DOMAIN\\user", password="pass",
authentication=NTLM, auto_bind=True)
# Search with nTSecurityDescriptor
conn.search(
"DC=corp,DC=example,DC=com",
"(objectClass=group)",
search_scope=SUBTREE,
attributes=["distinguishedName", "sAMAccountName",
"objectClass", "nTSecurityDescriptor"],
)
```
## SDDL ACE Format
```
ACE String: (ace_type;ace_flags;rights;object_guid;inherit_guid;trustee_sid)
Example: (A;;GA;;;S-1-5-21-xxx-512)
```
| Component | Description |
|-----------|-------------|
| `A` | Access Allowed |
| `D` | Access Denied |
| `OA` | Object Access Allowed |
| `GA` | Generic All |
| `GW` | Generic Write |
| `WD` | Write DACL |
| `WO` | Write Owner |
## Dangerous Permission Bitmasks
| Permission | Hex Mask | Risk |
|-----------|----------|------|
| GenericAll | `0x10000000` | Full control over object |
| GenericWrite | `0x40000000` | Modify all writable attributes |
| WriteDACL | `0x00040000` | Modify object permissions |
| WriteOwner | `0x00080000` | Take object ownership |
| WriteProperty | `0x00000020` | Write specific properties |
| ExtendedRight | `0x00000100` | Extended rights (password reset, etc.) |
| Self | `0x00000008` | Self-membership modification |
| Delete | `0x00010000` | Delete the object |
## BloodHound Cypher Queries for ACL Paths
```cypher
-- Find all users with GenericAll on Domain Admins
MATCH p=(n:User)-[r:GenericAll]->(g:Group {name:"DOMAIN ADMINS@CORP.COM"})
RETURN p
-- Find WriteDACL paths from non-admins to high-value targets
MATCH (n:User {admincount:false})
MATCH p=allShortestPaths((n)-[r:WriteDacl|WriteOwner|GenericAll*1..]->(m:Group))
WHERE m.highvalue = true
RETURN p
-- Find GenericWrite on computers for RBCD attacks
MATCH p=(n:User)-[r:GenericWrite]->(c:Computer)
WHERE NOT n.admincount
RETURN n.name, c.name
-- Enumerate all outbound ACL edges for a principal
MATCH p=(n {name:"HELPDESK@CORP.COM"})-[r:GenericAll|GenericWrite|WriteDacl|WriteOwner|Owns]->(m)
RETURN type(r), m.name, labels(m)
-- Find shortest ACL abuse path to Domain Admin
MATCH (n:User {name:"JSMITH@CORP.COM"})
MATCH (da:Group {name:"DOMAIN ADMINS@CORP.COM"})
MATCH p=shortestPath((n)-[r:MemberOf|GenericAll|GenericWrite|WriteDacl|WriteOwner|Owns|ForceChangePassword*1..]->(da))
RETURN p
```
## PowerView Commands for ACL Enumeration
```powershell
# Get ACL for Domain Admins group
Get-DomainObjectAcl -Identity "Domain Admins" -ResolveGUIDs
# Find interesting ACEs for non-admin users
Find-InterestingDomainAcl -ResolveGUIDs | Where-Object {
$_.ActiveDirectoryRights -match "GenericAll|WriteDacl|WriteOwner"
}
# Get ACL for specific OU
Get-DomainObjectAcl -SearchBase "OU=Servers,DC=corp,DC=com" -ResolveGUIDs
```
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Active Directory ACL abuse detection using ldap3 to find dangerous permissions."""
import argparse
import json
import struct
from ldap3 import Server, Connection, ALL, NTLM, SUBTREE
DANGEROUS_MASKS = {
"GenericAll": 0x10000000,
"GenericWrite": 0x40000000,
"WriteDACL": 0x00040000,
"WriteOwner": 0x00080000,
"WriteProperty": 0x00000020,
"Self": 0x00000008,
"ExtendedRight": 0x00000100,
"DeleteChild": 0x00000002,
"Delete": 0x00010000,
}
ADMIN_SIDS = {
"S-1-5-18",
"S-1-5-32-544",
"S-1-5-9",
}
ADMIN_RID_SUFFIXES = {
"-500",
"-512",
"-516",
"-518",
"-519",
"-498",
}
ATTACK_PATHS = {
"GenericAll": {
"user": "Full control allows password reset, Kerberoasting via SPN, or shadow credential attack",
"group": "Full control allows adding arbitrary members to the group",
"computer": "Full control allows resource-based constrained delegation attack",
"organizationalUnit": "Full control allows linking malicious GPO or moving objects",
},
"WriteDACL": {
"user": "Can modify DACL to grant self GenericAll, then reset password",
"group": "Can modify DACL to grant self write membership, then add self",
"computer": "Can modify DACL to grant self full control on machine account",
"organizationalUnit": "Can modify DACL to gain control over OU child objects",
},
"WriteOwner": {
"user": "Can take ownership then modify DACL to escalate privileges",
"group": "Can take ownership of group then modify membership",
"computer": "Can take ownership then configure delegation abuse",
"organizationalUnit": "Can take ownership then control OU policies",
},
"GenericWrite": {
"user": "Can write scriptPath for logon script execution or modify SPN for Kerberoasting",
"group": "Can modify group attributes including membership",
"computer": "Can write msDS-AllowedToActOnBehalfOfOtherIdentity for RBCD attack",
"organizationalUnit": "Can modify OU attributes and link GPO",
},
}
def is_admin_sid(sid: str, domain_sid: str) -> bool:
if sid in ADMIN_SIDS:
return True
for suffix in ADMIN_RID_SUFFIXES:
if sid == domain_sid + suffix:
return True
return False
def parse_sid(raw: bytes) -> str:
if len(raw) < 8:
return ""
revision = raw[0]
sub_auth_count = raw[1]
authority = int.from_bytes(raw[2:8], byteorder="big")
subs = []
for i in range(sub_auth_count):
offset = 8 + i * 4
if offset + 4 > len(raw):
break
subs.append(struct.unpack("<I", raw[offset:offset + 4])[0])
return f"S-{revision}-{authority}-" + "-".join(str(s) for s in subs)
def parse_acl(descriptor_bytes: bytes) -> list:
aces = []
if len(descriptor_bytes) < 20:
return aces
revision = descriptor_bytes[0]
control = struct.unpack("<H", descriptor_bytes[2:4])[0]
dacl_offset = struct.unpack("<I", descriptor_bytes[16:20])[0]
if dacl_offset == 0 or dacl_offset >= len(descriptor_bytes):
return aces
dacl = descriptor_bytes[dacl_offset:]
if len(dacl) < 8:
return aces
acl_size = struct.unpack("<H", dacl[2:4])[0]
ace_count = struct.unpack("<H", dacl[4:6])[0]
offset = 8
for _ in range(ace_count):
if offset + 4 > len(dacl):
break
ace_type = dacl[offset]
ace_flags = dacl[offset + 1]
ace_size = struct.unpack("<H", dacl[offset + 2:offset + 4])[0]
if ace_size < 4 or offset + ace_size > len(dacl):
break
if ace_type in (0x00, 0x05):
if offset + 8 <= len(dacl):
access_mask = struct.unpack("<I", dacl[offset + 4:offset + 8])[0]
sid_offset = offset + 8
if ace_type == 0x05:
sid_offset = offset + 8 + 32
if sid_offset < offset + ace_size:
sid_bytes = dacl[sid_offset:offset + ace_size]
sid_str = parse_sid(sid_bytes)
matched_perms = []
for perm_name, mask_val in DANGEROUS_MASKS.items():
if access_mask & mask_val:
matched_perms.append(perm_name)
if matched_perms:
aces.append({
"ace_type": "ACCESS_ALLOWED" if ace_type in (0x00, 0x05) else "OTHER",
"access_mask": f"0x{access_mask:08x}",
"trustee_sid": sid_str,
"permissions": matched_perms,
})
offset += ace_size
return aces
def resolve_sid(conn: Connection, base_dn: str, sid: str) -> str:
try:
conn.search(base_dn, f"(objectSid={sid})", attributes=["sAMAccountName", "cn"])
if conn.entries:
entry = conn.entries[0]
return str(entry.sAMAccountName) if hasattr(entry, "sAMAccountName") else str(entry.cn)
except Exception:
pass
return sid
def get_domain_sid(conn: Connection, base_dn: str) -> str:
conn.search(base_dn, "(objectClass=domain)", attributes=["objectSid"])
if conn.entries:
raw = conn.entries[0].objectSid.raw_values[0]
return parse_sid(raw)
return ""
def analyze_acls(dc_ip: str, domain: str, username: str, password: str,
target_ou: str) -> dict:
server = Server(dc_ip, get_info=ALL, use_ssl=False)
domain_parts = domain.split(".")
base_dn = ",".join(f"DC={p}" for p in domain_parts)
search_base = target_ou if target_ou else base_dn
ntlm_user = f"{domain}\\{username}"
conn = Connection(server, user=ntlm_user, password=password,
authentication=NTLM, auto_bind=True)
domain_sid = get_domain_sid(conn, base_dn)
conn.search(
search_base,
"(|(objectClass=user)(objectClass=group)(objectClass=computer)(objectClass=organizationalUnit))",
search_scope=SUBTREE,
attributes=["distinguishedName", "sAMAccountName", "objectClass", "nTSecurityDescriptor"],
)
findings = []
objects_scanned = 0
sid_cache = {}
for entry in conn.entries:
objects_scanned += 1
dn = str(entry.distinguishedName)
obj_classes = [str(c) for c in entry.objectClass.values] if hasattr(entry, "objectClass") else []
obj_type = "unknown"
for oc in obj_classes:
if oc.lower() in ("user", "group", "computer", "organizationalunit"):
obj_type = oc.lower()
break
if not hasattr(entry, "nTSecurityDescriptor"):
continue
raw_sd = entry.nTSecurityDescriptor.raw_values
if not raw_sd:
continue
sd_bytes = raw_sd[0]
aces = parse_acl(sd_bytes)
for ace in aces:
trustee_sid = ace["trustee_sid"]
if is_admin_sid(trustee_sid, domain_sid):
continue
if trustee_sid not in sid_cache:
sid_cache[trustee_sid] = resolve_sid(conn, base_dn, trustee_sid)
trustee_name = sid_cache[trustee_sid]
for perm in ace["permissions"]:
if perm in ("Delete", "DeleteChild", "Self", "WriteProperty", "ExtendedRight"):
severity = "medium"
else:
severity = "critical"
attack = ATTACK_PATHS.get(perm, {}).get(obj_type,
f"{perm} on {obj_type} may allow privilege escalation")
findings.append({
"severity": severity,
"target_object": dn,
"target_type": obj_type,
"trustee": trustee_name,
"trustee_sid": trustee_sid,
"permission": perm,
"access_mask": ace["access_mask"],
"ace_type": ace["ace_type"],
"attack_path": attack,
"remediation": f"Remove {perm} ACE for {trustee_name} on {dn}",
})
conn.unbind()
findings.sort(key=lambda f: 0 if f["severity"] == "critical" else 1)
return {
"domain": domain,
"domain_sid": domain_sid,
"search_base": search_base,
"objects_scanned": objects_scanned,
"dangerous_aces_found": len(findings),
"findings": findings,
}
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Active Directory ACL Abuse Analyzer")
parser.add_argument("--dc-ip", required=True, help="Domain Controller IP address")
parser.add_argument("--domain", required=True, help="AD domain name (e.g., corp.example.com)")
parser.add_argument("--username", required=True, help="Domain username for LDAP bind")
parser.add_argument("--password", required=True, help="Domain user password")
parser.add_argument("--target-ou", default=None,
help="Target OU distinguished name to scope the search")
parser.add_argument("--output", default=None, help="Output JSON file path")
args = parser.parse_args()
result = analyze_acls(args.dc_ip, args.domain, args.username,
args.password, args.target_ou)
report = json.dumps(result, indent=2)
if args.output:
with open(args.output, "w") as f:
f.write(report)
print(report)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
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@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
---
name: analyzing-android-malware-with-apktool
description: Perform static analysis of Android APK malware samples using apktool for decompilation, jadx for Java source
recovery, and androguard for permission analysis, manifest inspection, and suspicious API call detection.
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: malware-analysis
tags:
- Android
- APK
- apktool
- jadx
- androguard
- mobile-malware
- static-analysis
- reverse-engineering
version: '1.0'
author: mahipal
license: Apache-2.0
nist_csf:
- DE.AE-02
- RS.AN-03
- ID.RA-01
- DE.CM-01
---
# Analyzing Android Malware with Apktool
## Overview
Android malware distributed as APK files can be statically analyzed to extract permissions, activities, services, broadcast receivers, and suspicious API calls without executing the sample. This skill uses androguard for programmatic APK analysis, identifying dangerous permission combinations, obfuscated code patterns, dynamic code loading, reflection-based API calls, and network communication indicators.
## When to Use
- When investigating security incidents that require analyzing android malware with apktool
- When building detection rules or threat hunting queries for this domain
- When SOC analysts need structured procedures for this analysis type
- When validating security monitoring coverage for related attack techniques
## Prerequisites
- Python 3.9+ with `androguard`
- apktool (for resource decompilation)
- jadx (for Java source recovery, optional)
- Isolated analysis environment (VM or sandbox)
- Sample APK files for analysis
## Steps
1. Parse APK with androguard to extract manifest metadata
2. Enumerate requested permissions and flag dangerous combinations
3. List activities, services, receivers, and providers from manifest
4. Scan for suspicious API calls (reflection, crypto, SMS, telephony)
5. Detect dynamic code loading patterns (DexClassLoader, Runtime.exec)
6. Extract hardcoded URLs, IPs, and C2 indicators from strings
7. Generate risk assessment report with MITRE ATT&CK mobile mappings
## Expected Output
- JSON report with permission analysis, component listing, suspicious API calls, network indicators, and risk score
- Extracted strings and potential IOCs from the APK
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
# API Reference — Analyzing Android Malware with Apktool
## Libraries Used
- **androguard**: Python APK/DEX analysis — `AnalyzeAPK()`, permission enumeration, API call scanning
- **re**: Regex extraction of URLs, IPs, base64 patterns from DEX strings
- **json**: JSON serialization for analysis reports
## CLI Interface
```
python agent.py sample.apk permissions
python agent.py sample.apk manifest
python agent.py sample.apk apis
python agent.py sample.apk strings
python agent.py sample.apk full
python agent.py sample.apk # defaults to full analysis
```
## Core Functions
### `analyze_permissions(apk)` — Permission risk assessment
Calls `apk.get_permissions()`. Flags 20 dangerous permissions including
SEND_SMS, READ_CONTACTS, BIND_DEVICE_ADMIN, BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE.
Risk: CRITICAL >= 8 dangerous, HIGH >= 5, MEDIUM >= 2, LOW < 2.
### `analyze_manifest(apk)` — Manifest component extraction
Calls `apk.get_activities()`, `get_services()`, `get_receivers()`, `get_providers()`.
Returns package name, version, SDK levels, and all component lists.
### `scan_suspicious_apis(dx)` — Suspicious API call detection
Searches DEX analysis for 14 patterns including:
- `Runtime.exec`, `ProcessBuilder.start` — command execution
- `DexClassLoader.loadClass` — dynamic code loading
- `Method.invoke`, `Class.forName` — reflection
- `Cipher.getInstance` — cryptographic operations
- `SmsManager.sendTextMessage` — SMS abuse
### `extract_strings(dx, apk)` — IOC extraction from DEX strings
Regex extraction of HTTP/HTTPS URLs, external IP addresses, and base64 strings.
Filters out private IP ranges (10.x, 192.168.x, 172.16.x, 127.x).
### `detect_obfuscation(apk, dx)` — Obfuscation indicator detection
Checks for single-letter class names (ProGuard), multi-DEX, native libraries.
### `full_analysis(apk_path)` — Comprehensive malware assessment
## Androguard API
| Method | Returns |
|--------|---------|
| `AnalyzeAPK(path)` | `(APK, list[DEX], Analysis)` tuple |
| `apk.get_permissions()` | List of Android permissions |
| `apk.get_activities()` | Activity component names |
| `apk.get_services()` | Service component names |
| `apk.get_receivers()` | BroadcastReceiver names |
| `apk.get_package()` | Package name string |
| `dx.find_methods(classname, methodname)` | Matching method analysis objects |
| `dx.get_strings()` | All strings from DEX files |
| `dx.get_classes()` | All class analysis objects |
## Risk Scoring
| Factor | Max Points |
|--------|-----------|
| Dangerous permissions (8 pts each) | 40 |
| Suspicious API calls (10 pts each) | 30 |
| External IPs (5 pts each) | 15 |
| Obfuscation detected | 15 |
## Dependencies
- `androguard` >= 3.4.0
- Isolated analysis environment recommended
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Agent for static analysis of Android APK malware using androguard."""
import json
import re
import argparse
from datetime import datetime
try:
from androguard.core.apk import APK
from androguard.core.dex import DEX
from androguard.misc import AnalyzeAPK
except ImportError:
APK = None
AnalyzeAPK = None
DANGEROUS_PERMISSIONS = [
"android.permission.SEND_SMS", "android.permission.READ_SMS",
"android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS", "android.permission.READ_CONTACTS",
"android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG", "android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO",
"android.permission.CAMERA", "android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION",
"android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE", "android.permission.CALL_PHONE",
"android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE", "android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE",
"android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES", "android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES",
"android.permission.SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW", "android.permission.BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE",
"android.permission.BIND_DEVICE_ADMIN", "android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED",
"android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS", "android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE",
]
SUSPICIOUS_API_PATTERNS = [
r"Ljava/lang/Runtime;->exec",
r"Ljava/lang/ProcessBuilder;->start",
r"Ldalvik/system/DexClassLoader;->loadClass",
r"Ljava/lang/reflect/Method;->invoke",
r"Ljava/lang/Class;->forName",
r"Ljavax/crypto/Cipher;->getInstance",
r"Landroid/telephony/SmsManager;->sendTextMessage",
r"Landroid/app/admin/DevicePolicyManager;->lockNow",
r"Landroid/content/pm/PackageManager;->setComponentEnabledSetting",
r"Ljava/net/HttpURLConnection;->connect",
r"Lokhttp3/OkHttpClient;->newCall",
r"Landroid/webkit/WebView;->loadUrl",
r"Landroid/os/Build;->SERIAL",
r"Landroid/provider/Settings\$Secure;->getString",
]
def analyze_permissions(apk):
"""Analyze requested permissions and flag dangerous ones."""
permissions = apk.get_permissions()
dangerous = [p for p in permissions if p in DANGEROUS_PERMISSIONS]
return {
"total_permissions": len(permissions),
"permissions": permissions,
"dangerous_permissions": dangerous,
"dangerous_count": len(dangerous),
"permission_risk": "CRITICAL" if len(dangerous) >= 8 else "HIGH" if len(dangerous) >= 5 else "MEDIUM" if len(dangerous) >= 2 else "LOW",
}
def analyze_manifest(apk):
"""Extract manifest components: activities, services, receivers, providers."""
activities = apk.get_activities()
services = apk.get_services()
receivers = apk.get_receivers()
providers = apk.get_providers()
return {
"package_name": apk.get_package(),
"app_name": apk.get_app_name(),
"version_name": apk.get_androidversion_name(),
"version_code": apk.get_androidversion_code(),
"min_sdk": apk.get_min_sdk_version(),
"target_sdk": apk.get_target_sdk_version(),
"activities": list(activities),
"services": list(services),
"receivers": list(receivers),
"providers": list(providers),
"activity_count": len(activities),
"service_count": len(services),
"receiver_count": len(receivers),
"provider_count": len(providers),
}
def scan_suspicious_apis(dx):
"""Scan DEX analysis for suspicious API calls."""
findings = []
if not dx:
return findings
for pattern in SUSPICIOUS_API_PATTERNS:
class_name = pattern.split(";->")[0] + ";"
method_name = pattern.split(";->")[1] if ";->" in pattern else None
for method in dx.find_methods(classname=class_name, methodname=method_name):
xrefs = list(method.get_xref_from())
if xrefs:
findings.append({
"api": pattern,
"callers": len(xrefs),
"first_caller_class": str(xrefs[0][0].name) if xrefs else None,
})
return findings
def extract_strings(dx, apk):
"""Extract suspicious strings: URLs, IPs, base64 patterns."""
url_pattern = re.compile(r'https?://[\w\-._~:/?#\[\]@!$&\'()*+,;=]+', re.IGNORECASE)
ip_pattern = re.compile(r'\b(?:\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3}\b')
b64_pattern = re.compile(r'[A-Za-z0-9+/]{30,}={0,2}')
urls = set()
ips = set()
b64_strings = []
if dx:
for s in dx.get_strings():
val = str(s)
urls.update(url_pattern.findall(val))
ips.update(ip_pattern.findall(val))
b64_matches = b64_pattern.findall(val)
b64_strings.extend(b64_matches[:5])
private_ips = {"10.", "192.168.", "172.16.", "127.0."}
external_ips = [ip for ip in ips if not any(ip.startswith(p) for p in private_ips)]
return {
"urls": sorted(urls)[:30],
"external_ips": sorted(external_ips)[:20],
"suspicious_base64": b64_strings[:10],
"url_count": len(urls),
"external_ip_count": len(external_ips),
}
def detect_obfuscation(apk, dx):
"""Detect code obfuscation indicators."""
indicators = []
if dx:
short_class_names = 0
for cls in dx.get_classes():
name = str(cls.name)
parts = name.replace("/", ".").split(".")
if any(len(p) == 1 and p.isalpha() for p in parts):
short_class_names += 1
if short_class_names > 10:
indicators.append({"type": "single_letter_classes", "count": short_class_names})
dex_files = [f for f in apk.get_files() if f.endswith(".dex")]
if len(dex_files) > 1:
indicators.append({"type": "multi_dex", "dex_count": len(dex_files)})
native_libs = [f for f in apk.get_files() if f.endswith(".so")]
if native_libs:
indicators.append({"type": "native_libraries", "libs": native_libs[:10]})
return {
"obfuscation_indicators": indicators,
"likely_obfuscated": len(indicators) > 0,
}
def full_analysis(apk_path):
"""Run comprehensive APK malware analysis."""
if not APK or not AnalyzeAPK:
return {"error": "androguard not installed: pip install androguard"}
a, d, dx = AnalyzeAPK(apk_path)
perm_analysis = analyze_permissions(a)
manifest = analyze_manifest(a)
suspicious_apis = scan_suspicious_apis(dx)
strings = extract_strings(dx, a)
obfuscation = detect_obfuscation(a, dx)
risk_score = 0
risk_score += min(perm_analysis["dangerous_count"] * 8, 40)
risk_score += min(len(suspicious_apis) * 10, 30)
risk_score += min(strings["external_ip_count"] * 5, 15)
risk_score += 15 if obfuscation["likely_obfuscated"] else 0
risk_score = min(risk_score, 100)
return {
"analysis_type": "Android APK Static Analysis",
"timestamp": datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
"file": apk_path,
"manifest": manifest,
"permissions": perm_analysis,
"suspicious_apis": suspicious_apis[:20],
"strings": strings,
"obfuscation": obfuscation,
"risk_score": risk_score,
"risk_level": "CRITICAL" if risk_score >= 70 else "HIGH" if risk_score >= 50 else "MEDIUM" if risk_score >= 25 else "LOW",
"mitre_techniques": [
{"id": "T1418", "name": "Software Discovery"} if manifest["service_count"] > 5 else None,
{"id": "T1417", "name": "Input Capture"} if "android.permission.BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE" in perm_analysis["permissions"] else None,
{"id": "T1582", "name": "SMS Control"} if "android.permission.SEND_SMS" in perm_analysis["permissions"] else None,
{"id": "T1404", "name": "Exploitation for Privilege Escalation"} if any("DevicePolicyManager" in a.get("api", "") for a in suspicious_apis) else None,
],
}
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Android APK Malware Analysis Agent")
parser.add_argument("apk", help="Path to APK file")
sub = parser.add_subparsers(dest="command")
sub.add_parser("permissions", help="Analyze permissions")
sub.add_parser("manifest", help="Extract manifest components")
sub.add_parser("apis", help="Scan for suspicious API calls")
sub.add_parser("strings", help="Extract URLs, IPs, and encoded strings")
sub.add_parser("full", help="Full malware analysis")
args = parser.parse_args()
if args.command == "full" or args.command is None:
result = full_analysis(args.apk)
else:
a, d, dx = AnalyzeAPK(args.apk)
if args.command == "permissions":
result = analyze_permissions(a)
elif args.command == "manifest":
result = analyze_manifest(a)
elif args.command == "apis":
result = scan_suspicious_apis(dx)
elif args.command == "strings":
result = extract_strings(dx, a)
print(json.dumps(result, indent=2, default=str))
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
+197 -17
View File
@@ -1,21 +1,201 @@
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahipal
Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
1. Definitions.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
the copyright owner that is granting the License.
"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
exercising permissions granted by this License.
"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
including but not limited to software source code, documentation
source, and configuration files.
"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
and conversions to other media types.
"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
(an example is provided in the Appendix below).
"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
submitted to the Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by the Licensor and
subsequently incorporated within the Work.
2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
(except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
as of the date such litigation is filed.
4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
meet the following conditions:
(a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that You changed the files; and
(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
the Derivative Works; and
(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
within such NOTICE file, excluding any notices that do not
pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
as modifying the License.
You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
the conditions stated in this License.
5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. Please do not remove or change
the license header comment from a contributed file except when
necessary.
Copyright 2026 mukul975
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
@@ -1,20 +1,44 @@
---
name: analyzing-api-gateway-access-logs
description: >
Parses API Gateway access logs (AWS API Gateway, Kong, Nginx) to detect BOLA/IDOR
attacks, rate limit bypass, credential scanning, and injection attempts. Uses pandas
for statistical analysis of request patterns and anomaly detection. Use when
investigating API abuse or building API-specific threat detection rules.
description: 'Parses API Gateway access logs (AWS API Gateway, Kong, Nginx) to detect BOLA/IDOR attacks, rate limit bypass,
credential scanning, and injection attempts. Uses pandas for statistical analysis of request patterns and anomaly detection.
Use when investigating API abuse or building API-specific threat detection rules.
'
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: security-operations
tags: [analyzing, api, gateway, access]
version: "1.0"
tags:
- analyzing
- api
- gateway
- access
version: '1.0'
author: mahipal
license: MIT
license: Apache-2.0
nist_csf:
- DE.CM-01
- RS.MA-01
- GV.OV-01
- DE.AE-02
---
# Analyzing API Gateway Access Logs
## When to Use
- When investigating security incidents that require analyzing api gateway access logs
- When building detection rules or threat hunting queries for this domain
- When SOC analysts need structured procedures for this analysis type
- When validating security monitoring coverage for related attack techniques
## Prerequisites
- Familiarity with security operations concepts and tools
- Access to a test or lab environment for safe execution
- Python 3.8+ with required dependencies installed
- Appropriate authorization for any testing activities
## Instructions
Parse API gateway access logs to identify attack patterns including broken object
@@ -1,15 +1,12 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Agent for analyzing API Gateway access logs for security threats."""
import os
import re
import json
import argparse
from datetime import datetime
from collections import defaultdict
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
def load_api_logs(log_path):
@@ -1,21 +1,201 @@
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahipal
Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
1. Definitions.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
the copyright owner that is granting the License.
"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
exercising permissions granted by this License.
"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
including but not limited to software source code, documentation
source, and configuration files.
"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
and conversions to other media types.
"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
(an example is provided in the Appendix below).
"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
submitted to the Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by the Licensor and
subsequently incorporated within the Work.
2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
(except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
as of the date such litigation is filed.
4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
meet the following conditions:
(a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that You changed the files; and
(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
the Derivative Works; and
(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
within such NOTICE file, excluding any notices that do not
pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
as modifying the License.
You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
the conditions stated in this License.
5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. Please do not remove or change
the license header comment from a contributed file except when
necessary.
Copyright 2026 mukul975
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
@@ -1,12 +1,32 @@
---
name: analyzing-apt-group-with-mitre-navigator
description: Analyze advanced persistent threat (APT) group techniques using MITRE ATT&CK Navigator to create layered heatmaps of adversary TTPs for detection gap analysis and threat-informed defense.
description: Analyze advanced persistent threat (APT) group techniques using MITRE ATT&CK Navigator to create layered heatmaps
of adversary TTPs for detection gap analysis and threat-informed defense.
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: threat-intelligence
tags: [mitre-attack, navigator, apt, threat-actor, ttp-analysis, heatmap, detection-gap, threat-intelligence]
version: "1.0"
tags:
- mitre-attack
- navigator
- apt
- threat-actor
- ttp-analysis
- heatmap
- detection-gap
- threat-intelligence
version: '1.0'
author: mahipal
license: MIT
license: Apache-2.0
d3fend_techniques:
- Executable Denylisting
- Execution Isolation
- File Metadata Consistency Validation
- Content Format Conversion
- File Content Analysis
nist_csf:
- ID.RA-01
- ID.RA-05
- DE.CM-01
- DE.AE-02
---
# Analyzing APT Group with MITRE ATT&CK Navigator
@@ -14,6 +34,14 @@ license: MIT
MITRE ATT&CK Navigator is a web-based tool for annotating and exploring ATT&CK matrices, enabling analysts to visualize threat actor technique coverage, compare multiple APT groups, identify detection gaps, and build threat-informed defense strategies. This skill covers querying ATT&CK data programmatically, mapping APT group TTPs to Navigator layers, creating multi-layer overlays for gap analysis, and generating actionable intelligence reports for detection engineering teams.
## When to Use
- When investigating security incidents that require analyzing apt group with mitre navigator
- When building detection rules or threat hunting queries for this domain
- When SOC analysts need structured procedures for this analysis type
- When validating security monitoring coverage for related attack techniques
## Prerequisites
- Python 3.9+ with `attackcti`, `mitreattack-python`, `stix2`, `requests` libraries
@@ -36,7 +64,7 @@ ATT&CK catalogs over 140 threat groups with documented technique usage. Each gro
The Navigator supports loading multiple layers simultaneously, allowing analysts to overlay threat actor TTPs against detection coverage to identify gaps, compare multiple APT groups to find common techniques worth prioritizing, and track technique coverage changes over time.
## Practical Steps
## Workflow
### Step 1: Query ATT&CK Data for APT Group
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ performs detection gap analysis, and generates threat-informed reports.
import json
import os
import sys
import hashlib
from collections import Counter
try:
@@ -1,21 +1,201 @@
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahipal
Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
1. Definitions.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
the copyright owner that is granting the License.
"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
exercising permissions granted by this License.
"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
including but not limited to software source code, documentation
source, and configuration files.
"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
and conversions to other media types.
"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
(an example is provided in the Appendix below).
"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
submitted to the Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by the Licensor and
subsequently incorporated within the Work.
2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
(except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
as of the date such litigation is filed.
4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
meet the following conditions:
(a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that You changed the files; and
(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
the Derivative Works; and
(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
within such NOTICE file, excluding any notices that do not
pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
as modifying the License.
You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
the conditions stated in this License.
5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. Please do not remove or change
the license header comment from a contributed file except when
necessary.
Copyright 2026 mukul975
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
@@ -1,20 +1,44 @@
---
name: analyzing-azure-activity-logs-for-threats
description: >
Queries Azure Monitor activity logs and sign-in logs via azure-monitor-query to
detect suspicious administrative operations, impossible travel, privilege escalation,
and resource modifications. Builds KQL queries for threat hunting in Azure environments.
Use when investigating suspicious Azure tenant activity or building cloud SIEM detections.
description: 'Queries Azure Monitor activity logs and sign-in logs via azure-monitor-query to detect suspicious administrative
operations, impossible travel, privilege escalation, and resource modifications. Builds KQL queries for threat hunting in
Azure environments. Use when investigating suspicious Azure tenant activity or building cloud SIEM detections.
'
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: security-operations
tags: [analyzing, azure, activity, logs]
version: "1.0"
tags:
- analyzing
- azure
- activity
- logs
version: '1.0'
author: mahipal
license: MIT
license: Apache-2.0
nist_csf:
- DE.CM-01
- RS.MA-01
- GV.OV-01
- DE.AE-02
---
# Analyzing Azure Activity Logs for Threats
## When to Use
- When investigating security incidents that require analyzing azure activity logs for threats
- When building detection rules or threat hunting queries for this domain
- When SOC analysts need structured procedures for this analysis type
- When validating security monitoring coverage for related attack techniques
## Prerequisites
- Familiarity with security operations concepts and tools
- Access to a test or lab environment for safe execution
- Python 3.8+ with required dependencies installed
- Appropriate authorization for any testing activities
## Instructions
Use azure-monitor-query to execute KQL queries against Azure Log Analytics workspaces,
@@ -1,21 +1,201 @@
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahipal
Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
1. Definitions.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
the copyright owner that is granting the License.
"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
exercising permissions granted by this License.
"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
including but not limited to software source code, documentation
source, and configuration files.
"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
and conversions to other media types.
"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
(an example is provided in the Appendix below).
"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
submitted to the Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by the Licensor and
subsequently incorporated within the Work.
2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
(except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
as of the date such litigation is filed.
4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
meet the following conditions:
(a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that You changed the files; and
(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
the Derivative Works; and
(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
within such NOTICE file, excluding any notices that do not
pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
as modifying the License.
You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
the conditions stated in this License.
5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. Please do not remove or change
the license header comment from a contributed file except when
necessary.
Copyright 2026 mukul975
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
@@ -1,17 +1,27 @@
---
name: analyzing-bootkit-and-rootkit-samples
description: >
Analyzes bootkit and advanced rootkit malware that infects the Master Boot Record (MBR),
Volume Boot Record (VBR), or UEFI firmware to gain persistence below the operating system.
Covers boot sector analysis, UEFI module inspection, and anti-rootkit detection techniques.
Activates for requests involving bootkit analysis, MBR malware investigation, UEFI
description: 'Analyzes bootkit and advanced rootkit malware that infects the Master Boot Record (MBR), Volume Boot Record
(VBR), or UEFI firmware to gain persistence below the operating system. Covers boot sector analysis, UEFI module inspection,
and anti-rootkit detection techniques. Activates for requests involving bootkit analysis, MBR malware investigation, UEFI
persistence analysis, or pre-OS malware detection.
'
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: malware-analysis
tags: [malware, bootkit, rootkit, UEFI, MBR-analysis]
tags:
- malware
- bootkit
- rootkit
- UEFI
- MBR-analysis
version: 1.0.0
author: mahipal
license: MIT
license: Apache-2.0
nist_csf:
- DE.AE-02
- RS.AN-03
- ID.RA-01
- DE.CM-01
---
# Analyzing Bootkit and Rootkit Samples
@@ -112,8 +112,11 @@ def analyze_boot_code(mbr_data):
def run_volatility_rootkit_scan(memory_dump, plugin):
"""Run a Volatility 3 plugin for rootkit detection via subprocess."""
cmd = f"vol3 -f {memory_dump} {plugin}"
result = subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True, capture_output=True, text=True)
result = subprocess.run(
["vol3", "-f", memory_dump, plugin],
capture_output=True, text=True,
timeout=120,
)
return result.stdout, result.stderr, result.returncode
@@ -1,21 +1,201 @@
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahipal
Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
1. Definitions.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
the copyright owner that is granting the License.
"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
exercising permissions granted by this License.
"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
including but not limited to software source code, documentation
source, and configuration files.
"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
and conversions to other media types.
"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
(an example is provided in the Appendix below).
"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
submitted to the Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by the Licensor and
subsequently incorporated within the Work.
2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
(except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
as of the date such litigation is filed.
4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
meet the following conditions:
(a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that You changed the files; and
(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
the Derivative Works; and
(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
within such NOTICE file, excluding any notices that do not
pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
as modifying the License.
You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
the conditions stated in this License.
5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. Please do not remove or change
the license header comment from a contributed file except when
necessary.
Copyright 2026 mukul975
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
@@ -1,12 +1,28 @@
---
name: analyzing-browser-forensics-with-hindsight
description: Analyze Chromium-based browser artifacts using Hindsight to extract browsing history, downloads, cookies, cached content, autofill data, saved passwords, and browser extensions from Chrome, Edge, Brave, and Opera for forensic investigation.
description: Analyze Chromium-based browser artifacts using Hindsight to extract browsing history, downloads, cookies, cached
content, autofill data, saved passwords, and browser extensions from Chrome, Edge, Brave, and Opera for forensic investigation.
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: digital-forensics
tags: [browser-forensics, hindsight, chrome-forensics, chromium, edge, browsing-history, cookies, downloads, cache, web-artifacts]
version: "1.0"
tags:
- browser-forensics
- hindsight
- chrome-forensics
- chromium
- edge
- browsing-history
- cookies
- downloads
- cache
- web-artifacts
version: '1.0'
author: mahipal
license: MIT
license: Apache-2.0
nist_csf:
- RS.AN-01
- RS.AN-03
- DE.AE-02
- RS.MA-01
---
# Analyzing Browser Forensics with Hindsight
@@ -15,6 +31,14 @@ license: MIT
Hindsight is an open-source browser forensics tool designed to parse artifacts from Google Chrome and other Chromium-based browsers (Microsoft Edge, Brave, Opera, Vivaldi). It extracts and correlates data from multiple browser database files to create a unified timeline of web activity. Hindsight can parse URLs, download history, cache records, bookmarks, autofill records, saved passwords, preferences, browser extensions, HTTP cookies, Local Storage (HTML5 cookies), login data, and session/tab information. The tool produces chronological timelines in multiple output formats (XLSX, JSON, SQLite) that enable investigators to reconstruct user web activity for incident response, insider threat investigations, and criminal cases.
## When to Use
- When investigating security incidents that require analyzing browser forensics with hindsight
- When building detection rules or threat hunting queries for this domain
- When SOC analysts need structured procedures for this analysis type
- When validating security monitoring coverage for related attack techniques
## Prerequisites
- Python 3.8+ with Hindsight installed (`pip install pyhindsight`)
@@ -213,3 +237,60 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
- Chrome Forensics Guide: https://allenace.medium.com/hindsight-chrome-forensics-made-simple-425db99fa5ed
- Browser Forensics Tools: https://www.cyberforensicacademy.com/blog/browser-forensics-tools-how-to-extract-user-activity
- Chromium Source (History): https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:components/history/
## Example Output
```text
$ python hindsight.py -i /evidence/chrome-profile -o /analysis/hindsight_output
Hindsight v2024.01 - Chrome/Chromium Browser Forensic Analysis
================================================================
Profile: /evidence/chrome-profile (Chrome 120.0.6099.130)
OS: Windows 10
[+] Parsing History database...
URL records: 12,456
Download records: 234
Search terms: 567
[+] Parsing Cookies database...
Cookie records: 8,923
Encrypted cookies: 6,712
[+] Parsing Web Data (Autofill)...
Autofill entries: 1,234
Credit card entries: 2 (encrypted)
[+] Parsing Login Data...
Saved credentials: 45 (encrypted)
[+] Parsing Bookmarks...
Bookmark entries: 189
--- Browsing History (Last 10 Entries) ---
Timestamp (UTC) | URL | Title | Visit Count
2024-01-15 14:32:05.123 | https://mail.corporate.com/inbox | Corporate Mail | 45
2024-01-15 14:33:12.456 | https://drive.google.com/file/d/1aBcDe... | Q4_Financial_Report.xlsx | 1
2024-01-15 14:35:44.789 | https://mega.nz/folder/xYz123 | MEGA - Secure Cloud | 3
2024-01-15 14:36:01.234 | https://mega.nz/folder/xYz123#upload | MEGA - Upload | 8
2024-01-15 14:42:15.567 | https://pastebin.com/raw/kL9mN2pQ | Pastebin (raw) | 1
2024-01-15 15:01:33.890 | https://192.168.1.50:8443/admin | Admin Panel | 12
2024-01-15 15:15:22.111 | https://transfer.sh/upload | transfer.sh | 2
2024-01-15 15:30:45.222 | https://vpn-gateway.corporate.com | VPN Login | 5
2024-01-15 16:00:00.333 | https://whatismyipaddress.com | What Is My IP | 1
2024-01-15 16:05:12.444 | https://protonmail.com/inbox | ProtonMail | 3
--- Downloads (Suspicious) ---
Timestamp (UTC) | Filename | URL Source | Size
2024-01-15 14:33:15.000 | Q4_Financial_Report.xlsm | https://phish-domain.com/docs/report | 245 KB
2024-01-15 14:34:02.000 | update_client.exe | https://cdn.evil-updates.com/client.exe | 1.2 MB
--- Cookies (Session Tokens) ---
Domain | Name | Expires | Secure | HttpOnly
.corporate.com | SESSION_ID | 2024-01-16 14:32 | Yes | Yes
.mega.nz | session | Session | Yes | Yes
.protonmail.com | AUTH-TOKEN | 2024-02-15 00:00 | Yes | Yes
Report saved to: /analysis/hindsight_output/Hindsight_Report.xlsx
```
@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@ import sys
import json
import sqlite3
import datetime
import hashlib
from collections import defaultdict
def chrome_time_to_datetime(chrome_time):
@@ -1,21 +1,201 @@
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahipal
Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
1. Definitions.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
the copyright owner that is granting the License.
"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
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"control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
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otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
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not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
and conversions to other media types.
"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
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copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
(an example is provided in the Appendix below).
"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
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"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by the Licensor and
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worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
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(except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
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by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
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as of the date such litigation is filed.
4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
meet the following conditions:
(a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that You changed the files; and
(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
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(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
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as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
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do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
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or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
as modifying the License.
You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
the conditions stated in this License.
5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. Please do not remove or change
the license header comment from a contributed file except when
necessary.
Copyright 2026 mukul975
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
@@ -1,12 +1,25 @@
---
name: analyzing-campaign-attribution-evidence
description: Campaign attribution analysis involves systematically evaluating evidence to determine which threat actor or group is responsible for a cyber operation. This skill covers collecting and weighting attr
description: Campaign attribution analysis involves systematically evaluating evidence to determine which threat actor or
group is responsible for a cyber operation. This skill covers collecting and weighting attr
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: threat-intelligence
tags: [threat-intelligence, cti, ioc, mitre-attack, stix, attribution, campaign-analysis]
version: "1.0"
tags:
- threat-intelligence
- cti
- ioc
- mitre-attack
- stix
- attribution
- campaign-analysis
version: '1.0'
author: mahipal
license: MIT
license: Apache-2.0
nist_csf:
- ID.RA-01
- ID.RA-05
- DE.CM-01
- DE.AE-02
---
# Analyzing Campaign Attribution Evidence
@@ -14,6 +27,14 @@ license: MIT
Campaign attribution analysis involves systematically evaluating evidence to determine which threat actor or group is responsible for a cyber operation. This skill covers collecting and weighting attribution indicators using the Diamond Model and ACH (Analysis of Competing Hypotheses), analyzing infrastructure overlaps, TTP consistency, malware code similarities, operational timing patterns, and language artifacts to build confidence-weighted attribution assessments.
## When to Use
- When investigating security incidents that require analyzing campaign attribution evidence
- When building detection rules or threat hunting queries for this domain
- When SOC analysts need structured procedures for this analysis type
- When validating security monitoring coverage for related attack techniques
## Prerequisites
- Python 3.9+ with `attackcti`, `stix2`, `networkx` libraries
@@ -40,7 +61,7 @@ Campaign attribution analysis involves systematically evaluating evidence to det
### Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH)
Structured analytical method that evaluates evidence against multiple competing hypotheses. Each piece of evidence is scored as consistent, inconsistent, or neutral with respect to each hypothesis. The hypothesis with the least inconsistent evidence is favored.
## Practical Steps
## Workflow
### Step 1: Collect Attribution Evidence
@@ -6,9 +6,6 @@ malware code similarity, timing patterns, and language artifacts.
"""
import json
import os
import sys
import hashlib
import re
from collections import defaultdict
from datetime import datetime
@@ -1,21 +1,201 @@
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahipal
Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
1. Definitions.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
the copyright owner that is granting the License.
"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
exercising permissions granted by this License.
"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
including but not limited to software source code, documentation
source, and configuration files.
"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
and conversions to other media types.
"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
(an example is provided in the Appendix below).
"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
submitted to the Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by the Licensor and
subsequently incorporated within the Work.
2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
(except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
as of the date such litigation is filed.
4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
meet the following conditions:
(a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that You changed the files; and
(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
the Derivative Works; and
(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
within such NOTICE file, excluding any notices that do not
pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
as modifying the License.
You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
the conditions stated in this License.
5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. Please do not remove or change
the license header comment from a contributed file except when
necessary.
Copyright 2026 mukul975
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
@@ -1,12 +1,28 @@
---
name: analyzing-certificate-transparency-for-phishing
description: Monitor Certificate Transparency logs using crt.sh and Certstream to detect phishing domains, lookalike certificates, and unauthorized certificate issuance targeting your organization.
description: Monitor Certificate Transparency logs using crt.sh and Certstream to detect phishing domains, lookalike certificates,
and unauthorized certificate issuance targeting your organization.
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: threat-intelligence
tags: [certificate-transparency, ct-logs, phishing, crt-sh, certstream, ssl, domain-monitoring, threat-intelligence]
version: "1.0"
tags:
- certificate-transparency
- ct-logs
- phishing
- crt-sh
- certstream
- ssl
- domain-monitoring
- threat-intelligence
version: '1.0'
author: mahipal
license: MIT
license: Apache-2.0
atlas_techniques:
- AML.T0052
nist_csf:
- ID.RA-01
- ID.RA-05
- DE.CM-01
- DE.AE-02
---
# Analyzing Certificate Transparency for Phishing
@@ -14,6 +30,14 @@ license: MIT
Certificate Transparency (CT) is an Internet security standard that creates a public, append-only log of all issued SSL/TLS certificates. Monitoring CT logs enables early detection of phishing domains that register certificates mimicking legitimate brands, unauthorized certificate issuance for owned domains, and certificate-based attack infrastructure. This skill covers querying CT logs via crt.sh, real-time monitoring with Certstream, building automated alerting for suspicious certificates, and integrating findings into threat intelligence workflows.
## When to Use
- When investigating security incidents that require analyzing certificate transparency for phishing
- When building detection rules or threat hunting queries for this domain
- When SOC analysts need structured procedures for this analysis type
- When validating security monitoring coverage for related attack techniques
## Prerequisites
- Python 3.9+ with `requests`, `certstream`, `tldextract`, `Levenshtein` libraries
@@ -36,7 +60,7 @@ Attackers register lookalike domains and obtain free certificates (often from Le
crt.sh is a free web interface and PostgreSQL database operated by Sectigo that indexes CT logs. It supports wildcard searches (`%.example.com`), direct SQL queries, and JSON API responses. It tracks certificate issuance, expiration, and revocation across all major CT logs.
## Practical Steps
## Workflow
### Step 1: Query crt.sh for Certificate History
@@ -6,10 +6,7 @@ certificates, and identifies potential phishing infrastructure.
"""
import json
import os
import sys
import re
from datetime import datetime
from collections import defaultdict
try:
@@ -1,21 +1,201 @@
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahipal
Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
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copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
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"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
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(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
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(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
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6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
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defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. Please do not remove or change
the license header comment from a contributed file except when
necessary.
Copyright 2026 mukul975
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
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Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
@@ -1,18 +1,50 @@
---
name: analyzing-cloud-storage-access-patterns
description: >-
Detect abnormal access patterns in AWS S3, GCS, and Azure Blob Storage by analyzing CloudTrail
Data Events, GCS audit logs, and Azure Storage Analytics. Identifies after-hours bulk downloads,
access from new IP addresses, unusual API calls (GetObject spikes), and potential data exfiltration
using statistical baselines and time-series anomaly detection.
description: Detect abnormal access patterns in AWS S3, GCS, and Azure Blob Storage by analyzing CloudTrail Data Events, GCS
audit logs, and Azure Storage Analytics. Identifies after-hours bulk downloads, access from new IP addresses, unusual API
calls (GetObject spikes), and potential data exfiltration using statistical baselines and time-series anomaly detection.
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: cloud-security
tags: [analyzing, cloud, storage, access]
version: "1.0"
tags:
- analyzing
- cloud
- storage
- access
version: '1.0'
author: mahipal
license: MIT
license: Apache-2.0
atlas_techniques:
- AML.T0024
- AML.T0056
nist_ai_rmf:
- MEASURE-2.7
- MAP-5.1
- MANAGE-2.4
nist_csf:
- PR.IR-01
- ID.AM-08
- GV.SC-06
- DE.CM-01
---
# Analyzing Cloud Storage Access Patterns
## When to Use
- When investigating security incidents that require analyzing cloud storage access patterns
- When building detection rules or threat hunting queries for this domain
- When SOC analysts need structured procedures for this analysis type
- When validating security monitoring coverage for related attack techniques
## Prerequisites
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts and tools
- Access to a test or lab environment for safe execution
- Python 3.8+ with required dependencies installed
- Appropriate authorization for any testing activities
## Instructions
1. Install dependencies: `pip install boto3 requests`
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def query_cloudtrail_s3_events(bucket_name, hours_back=24):
"--start-time", start_time,
"--output", "json",
]
result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True)
result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=120)
if result.returncode != 0:
logger.error("CloudTrail query failed: %s", result.stderr[:200])
return []
@@ -1,21 +1,201 @@
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahipal
Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
1. Definitions.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
the copyright owner that is granting the License.
"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
exercising permissions granted by this License.
"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
including but not limited to software source code, documentation
source, and configuration files.
"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
and conversions to other media types.
"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
(an example is provided in the Appendix below).
"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
submitted to the Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
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designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by the Licensor and
subsequently incorporated within the Work.
2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
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copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
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3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
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worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
(except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
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by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
as of the date such litigation is filed.
4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
meet the following conditions:
(a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that You changed the files; and
(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
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the Derivative Works; and
(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
within such NOTICE file, excluding any notices that do not
pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
as modifying the License.
You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
the conditions stated in this License.
5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. Please do not remove or change
the license header comment from a contributed file except when
necessary.
Copyright 2026 mukul975
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
@@ -1,12 +1,25 @@
---
name: analyzing-cobalt-strike-beacon-configuration
description: Extract and analyze Cobalt Strike beacon configuration from PE files and memory dumps to identify C2 infrastructure, malleable profiles, and operator tradecraft.
description: Extract and analyze Cobalt Strike beacon configuration from PE files and memory dumps to identify C2 infrastructure,
malleable profiles, and operator tradecraft.
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: malware-analysis
tags: [cobalt-strike, beacon, c2, malware-analysis, config-extraction, threat-hunting, red-team-tools]
version: "1.0"
tags:
- cobalt-strike
- beacon
- c2
- malware-analysis
- config-extraction
- threat-hunting
- red-team-tools
version: '1.0'
author: mahipal
license: MIT
license: Apache-2.0
nist_csf:
- DE.AE-02
- RS.AN-03
- ID.RA-01
- DE.CM-01
---
# Analyzing Cobalt Strike Beacon Configuration
@@ -14,6 +27,14 @@ license: MIT
Cobalt Strike is a commercial adversary simulation tool widely abused by threat actors for post-exploitation operations. Beacon payloads contain embedded configuration data that reveals C2 server addresses, communication protocols, sleep intervals, jitter values, malleable C2 profile settings, watermark identifiers, and encryption keys. Extracting this configuration from PE files, shellcode, or memory dumps is critical for incident responders to map attacker infrastructure and attribute campaigns. The beacon configuration is XOR-encoded using a single byte (0x69 for version 3, 0x2e for version 4) and stored in a Type-Length-Value (TLV) format within the .data section.
## When to Use
- When investigating security incidents that require analyzing cobalt strike beacon configuration
- When building detection rules or threat hunting queries for this domain
- When SOC analysts need structured procedures for this analysis type
- When validating security monitoring coverage for related attack techniques
## Prerequisites
- Python 3.9+ with `dissect.cobaltstrike`, `pefile`, `yara-python`
@@ -37,7 +58,7 @@ The beacon configuration encodes the malleable C2 profile that dictates HTTP req
Each Cobalt Strike license embeds a unique watermark (4-byte integer) into generated beacons. Extracting the watermark can link multiple beacons to the same operator or cracked license. Known watermark databases maintained by threat intelligence providers map watermarks to specific threat actors or leaked license keys.
## Practical Steps
## Workflow
### Step 1: Extract Configuration with CobaltStrikeParser
@@ -8,9 +8,7 @@ communication settings, malleable C2 profile details, and watermark values.
import struct
import os
import sys
import json
import hashlib
import re
from collections import OrderedDict
# Cobalt Strike beacon configuration field IDs (Type-Length-Value format)
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahipal
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
---
name: analyzing-cobalt-strike-malleable-profiles
description: >
Parses Cobalt Strike malleable C2 profiles using pyMalleableC2 to extract beacon
configuration, HTTP communication patterns, and sleep/jitter settings. Combines with
JARM TLS fingerprinting to detect C2 servers on the network. Use when investigating
suspected Cobalt Strike infrastructure or building detection signatures for C2 traffic.
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: security-operations
tags: [analyzing, cobalt, strike, malleable]
version: "1.0"
author: mahipal
license: MIT
---
# Analyzing Cobalt Strike Malleable Profiles
## Instructions
Parse malleable C2 profiles to extract IOCs and detection opportunities using the
pyMalleableC2 library. Combine with JARM fingerprinting to identify C2 servers.
```python
from malleablec2 import Profile
# Parse a malleable profile from file
profile = Profile.from_file("amazon.profile")
# Extract global options (sleep, jitter, user-agent)
print(profile.ast.pretty())
# Access HTTP-GET block URIs and headers for network signatures
# Access HTTP-POST block for data exfiltration patterns
# Generate JARM fingerprints for known C2 infrastructure
```
Key analysis steps:
1. Parse the malleable profile to extract HTTP-GET/POST URI patterns
2. Extract User-Agent strings and custom headers for IDS signatures
3. Identify sleep time and jitter for beaconing detection thresholds
4. Scan suspect IPs with JARM to match known C2 fingerprint hashes
5. Cross-reference extracted IOCs with network traffic logs
## Examples
```python
# Parse profile and extract detection indicators
from malleablec2 import Profile
p = Profile.from_file("cobaltstrike.profile")
print(p) # Reconstructed source
# JARM scan a suspect C2 server
import subprocess
result = subprocess.run(
["python3", "jarm.py", "suspect-server.com"],
capture_output=True, text=True
)
print(result.stdout)
# Compare fingerprint against known CS JARM hashes
```
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
# API Reference: Analyzing Cobalt Strike Malleable Profiles
## pyMalleableC2
```python
from malleablec2 import Profile
from malleablec2.components import HttpGetBlock, HttpPostBlock, ClientBlock, ServerBlock
# Parse from file or string
p = Profile.from_file("amazon.profile")
p = Profile.from_string(code_string)
p = Profile.from_scratch()
# Set global options
p.set_option("sleeptime", "3000")
p.set_option("jitter", "0")
p.set_option("pipename", "mojo__##")
# HTTP blocks
http_get = HttpGetBlock()
http_get.set_option("uri", "/updates")
client = ClientBlock()
client.add_statement("header", "Accept", "*/*")
http_get.add_code_block(client)
p.add_code_block(http_get)
# AST and reconstruction
print(p.ast.pretty()) # Display AST
print(p) # Reconstruct source
```
## JARM TLS Fingerprinting
```bash
# Scan a single host
python3 jarm.py www.example.com
# Scan with specific port
python3 jarm.py 192.168.1.1 -p 8443
# Batch scan from file
python3 jarm.py -i targets.txt -o results.csv
```
Fingerprint format: 62-char hybrid hash
- First 30 chars: cipher + TLS version (10 handshakes x 3 chars)
- Last 32 chars: truncated SHA256 of cumulative extensions
## Known Cobalt Strike JARM Hashes
| JARM Hash | Description |
|-----------|-------------|
| `07d14d16d21d21d07c42d41d00041d...` | CS default config |
| `07d14d16d21d21d00042d41d00041d...` | CS with Java 11 |
## dissect.cobaltstrike (Alternative)
```python
from dissect.cobaltstrike import beacon
b = beacon.BeaconConfig.from_file("beacon.bin")
print(b.protocol, b.port, b.sleeptime)
```
### References
- pyMalleableC2: https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/pyMalleableC2
- JARM scanner: https://github.com/salesforce/jarm
- dissect.cobaltstrike: https://github.com/fox-it/dissect.cobaltstrike
- C2 JARM list: https://github.com/cedowens/C2-JARM
@@ -1,174 +0,0 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Agent for analyzing Cobalt Strike malleable C2 profiles and JARM fingerprinting."""
import os
import json
import subprocess
import argparse
from pathlib import Path
from datetime import datetime
from malleablec2 import Profile
def extract_profile_indicators(profile_path):
"""Extract detection indicators from a malleable C2 profile."""
with open(profile_path) as f:
content = f.read()
profile = Profile.from_string(content)
indicators = {
"file": str(profile_path),
"source_lines": len(content.splitlines()),
"reconstructed": str(profile),
}
keywords = ["sleeptime", "jitter", "useragent", "pipename", "host_stage",
"dns_idle", "dns_sleep", "spawnto_x86", "spawnto_x64"]
options = {}
for kw in keywords:
for line in content.splitlines():
stripped = line.strip().rstrip(";").strip()
if kw in stripped.lower() and "set " in stripped.lower():
parts = stripped.split('"')
if len(parts) >= 2:
options[kw] = parts[1]
indicators["global_options"] = options
uris = []
for line in content.splitlines():
if "set uri" in line.strip().lower():
parts = line.strip().split('"')
if len(parts) >= 2:
uris.append(parts[1])
indicators["uris"] = uris
headers = []
for line in content.splitlines():
stripped = line.strip()
if "header " in stripped.lower() and '"' in stripped:
parts = stripped.split('"')
if len(parts) >= 4:
headers.append({"name": parts[1], "value": parts[3]})
indicators["custom_headers"] = headers
return indicators
def scan_directory_profiles(directory):
"""Scan a directory for malleable C2 profiles and extract indicators."""
results = []
for path in Path(directory).rglob("*.profile"):
try:
indicators = extract_profile_indicators(str(path))
results.append(indicators)
except Exception as e:
results.append({"file": str(path), "error": str(e)})
return results
KNOWN_CS_JARM = {
"07d14d16d21d21d07c42d41d00041d24a458a375eef0c576d23a7bab9a9fb1":
"Cobalt Strike (default)",
"07d14d16d21d21d00042d41d00041de5fb3038104f457d92ba02e9311512c2":
"Cobalt Strike (Java 11)",
}
def compute_jarm_fingerprint(host, port=443):
"""Compute JARM fingerprint by invoking the salesforce/jarm scanner."""
jarm_script = os.getenv("JARM_SCRIPT", "jarm.py")
try:
result = subprocess.run(
["python3", jarm_script, host, "-p", str(port)],
capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=30,
)
for line in result.stdout.splitlines():
if len(line.strip()) >= 62:
return line.strip().split()[-1]
return result.stdout.strip()
except Exception as e:
return f"Error: {e}"
def check_jarm_against_known(fingerprint):
"""Check a JARM fingerprint against known Cobalt Strike signatures."""
for jarm_hash, description in KNOWN_CS_JARM.items():
if fingerprint.strip() == jarm_hash:
return {"match": True, "description": description, "fingerprint": fingerprint}
return {"match": False, "fingerprint": fingerprint}
def batch_jarm_scan(targets, port=443):
"""Scan multiple targets for JARM fingerprints and check against known CS hashes."""
results = []
for target in targets:
fp = compute_jarm_fingerprint(target, port)
match = check_jarm_against_known(fp)
match["target"] = target
results.append(match)
return results
def generate_snort_rules(indicators_list):
"""Generate Snort/Suricata rules from extracted profile indicators."""
rules = []
sid = 1000001
for ind in indicators_list:
for uri in ind.get("uris", []):
rules.append(
f'alert http $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET any '
f'(msg:"CS Beacon URI {uri}"; '
f'content:"{uri}"; http_uri; sid:{sid}; rev:1;)'
)
sid += 1
ua = ind.get("global_options", {}).get("useragent", "")
if ua:
rules.append(
f'alert http $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET any '
f'(msg:"CS Beacon User-Agent"; '
f'content:"{ua}"; http_header; sid:{sid}; rev:1;)'
)
sid += 1
return rules
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Cobalt Strike Malleable Profile Analyzer")
parser.add_argument("--profile", help="Path to a single malleable C2 profile")
parser.add_argument("--directory", help="Directory of malleable profiles")
parser.add_argument("--jarm-targets", nargs="*", help="Hosts to JARM fingerprint")
parser.add_argument("--output", default="cs_analysis_report.json")
parser.add_argument("--action", choices=[
"parse", "scan_dir", "jarm", "generate_rules", "full_analysis"
], default="full_analysis")
args = parser.parse_args()
report = {"generated_at": datetime.utcnow().isoformat(), "findings": {}}
if args.action in ("parse", "full_analysis") and args.profile:
indicators = extract_profile_indicators(args.profile)
report["findings"]["profile_indicators"] = indicators
print(f"[+] Parsed: {args.profile} ({len(indicators.get('uris', []))} URIs)")
if args.action in ("scan_dir", "full_analysis") and args.directory:
results = scan_directory_profiles(args.directory)
report["findings"]["directory_scan"] = results
print(f"[+] Scanned {len(results)} profiles in {args.directory}")
if args.action in ("jarm", "full_analysis") and args.jarm_targets:
jarm_results = batch_jarm_scan(args.jarm_targets)
report["findings"]["jarm_scan"] = jarm_results
matches = [r for r in jarm_results if r.get("match")]
print(f"[+] JARM: {len(jarm_results)} scanned, {len(matches)} CS matches")
if args.action in ("generate_rules", "full_analysis"):
profiles = report["findings"].get("directory_scan", [])
if not profiles and args.profile:
profiles = [report["findings"].get("profile_indicators", {})]
rules = generate_snort_rules(profiles)
report["findings"]["snort_rules"] = rules
print(f"[+] Generated {len(rules)} Snort rules")
with open(args.output, "w") as f:
json.dump(report, f, indent=2, default=str)
print(f"[+] Report saved to {args.output}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
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@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
---
name: analyzing-cobaltstrike-malleable-c2-profiles
description: Parse and analyze Cobalt Strike Malleable C2 profiles using dissect.cobaltstrike and pyMalleableC2 to extract
C2 indicators, detect evasion techniques, and generate network detection signatures.
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: malware-analysis
tags:
- cobalt-strike
- malleable-c2
- c2-detection
- beacon-analysis
- network-signatures
- threat-hunting
- red-team-tools
version: '1.0'
author: mahipal
license: Apache-2.0
nist_csf:
- DE.AE-02
- RS.AN-03
- ID.RA-01
- DE.CM-01
---
# Analyzing CobaltStrike Malleable C2 Profiles
## Overview
Cobalt Strike Malleable C2 profiles are domain-specific language scripts that customize how Beacon communicates with the team server, defining HTTP request/response transformations, sleep intervals, jitter values, user agents, URI paths, and process injection behavior. Threat actors use malleable profiles to disguise C2 traffic as legitimate services (Amazon, Google, Slack). Analyzing these profiles reveals network indicators for detection: URI patterns, HTTP headers, POST/GET transforms, DNS settings, and process injection techniques. The `dissect.cobaltstrike` library can parse both profile files and extract configurations from beacon payloads, while `pyMalleableC2` provides AST-based parsing using Lark grammar for programmatic profile manipulation and validation.
## When to Use
- When investigating security incidents that require analyzing cobaltstrike malleable c2 profiles
- When building detection rules or threat hunting queries for this domain
- When SOC analysts need structured procedures for this analysis type
- When validating security monitoring coverage for related attack techniques
## Prerequisites
- Python 3.9+ with `dissect.cobaltstrike` and/or `pyMalleableC2`
- Sample Malleable C2 profiles (available from public repositories)
- Understanding of HTTP protocol and Cobalt Strike beacon communication model
- Network monitoring tools (Suricata/Snort) for signature deployment
- PCAP analysis tools for traffic validation
## Steps
1. Install libraries: `pip install dissect.cobaltstrike` or `pip install pyMalleableC2`
2. Parse profile with `C2Profile.from_path("profile.profile")`
3. Extract HTTP GET/POST block configurations (URIs, headers, parameters)
4. Identify user agent strings and spoof targets
5. Extract sleep time, jitter percentage, and DNS beacon settings
6. Analyze process injection settings (spawn-to, allocation technique)
7. Generate Suricata/Snort signatures from extracted network indicators
8. Compare profile against known threat actor profile collections
9. Extract staging URIs and payload delivery mechanisms
10. Produce detection report with IOCs and recommended network signatures
## Expected Output
A JSON report containing extracted C2 URIs, HTTP headers, user agents, sleep/jitter settings, process injection config, spawned process paths, DNS settings, and generated Suricata-compatible detection rules.
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
# CobaltStrike Malleable C2 Profile Analysis API Reference
## Installation
```bash
pip install dissect.cobaltstrike
pip install 'dissect.cobaltstrike[full]' # With PCAP support
pip install pyMalleableC2 # Alternative parser
```
## dissect.cobaltstrike API
### Parse Beacon Configuration
```python
from dissect.cobaltstrike.beacon import BeaconConfig
bconfig = BeaconConfig.from_path("beacon.bin")
print(hex(bconfig.watermark)) # 0x5109bf6d
print(bconfig.protocol) # https
print(bconfig.version) # BeaconVersion(...)
print(bconfig.settings) # Full config dict
```
### Parse Malleable C2 Profile
```python
from dissect.cobaltstrike.c2profile import C2Profile
profile = C2Profile.from_path("amazon.profile")
config = profile.as_dict()
print(config["useragent"])
print(config["http-get.uri"])
print(config["sleeptime"])
```
### PCAP Analysis
```bash
# Extract beacons from PCAP
beacon-pcap --extract-beacons traffic.pcap
# Decrypt traffic with private key
beacon-pcap -p team_server.pem traffic.pcap --beacon beacon.bin
```
## pyMalleableC2 API
```python
from malleableC2 import Profile
profile = Profile.from_file("amazon.profile")
print(profile.sleeptime)
print(profile.useragent)
print(profile.http_get.uri)
print(profile.http_post.uri)
```
## Key Profile Settings
| Setting | Description | Detection Value |
|---------|-------------|-----------------|
| `sleeptime` | Callback interval (ms) | Low values = aggressive beaconing |
| `jitter` | Sleep randomization % | Timing analysis evasion |
| `useragent` | HTTP User-Agent string | Network signature |
| `http-get.uri` | GET request URI path | URI-based detection |
| `http-post.uri` | POST request URI path | URI-based detection |
| `spawnto_x86` | 32-bit spawn process | Process creation detection |
| `spawnto_x64` | 64-bit spawn process | Process creation detection |
| `pipename` | Named pipe pattern | Named pipe monitoring |
| `dns_idle` | DNS idle IP address | DNS beacon detection |
| `watermark` | License watermark | Operator attribution |
## Suricata Rule Format
```
alert http $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET any (
msg:"MALWARE CobaltStrike C2 URI";
flow:established,to_server;
http.uri; content:"/api/v1/status";
http.header; content:"User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0";
sid:9000001; rev:1;
)
```
## CLI Usage
```bash
python agent.py --input profile.profile --output report.json
python agent.py --input parsed_config.json --output report.json
```
## References
- dissect.cobaltstrike: https://github.com/fox-it/dissect.cobaltstrike
- pyMalleableC2: https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/pyMalleableC2
- Unit42 Analysis: https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/cobalt-strike-malleable-c2-profile/
- Config Extractor: https://github.com/strozfriedberg/cobaltstrike-config-extractor
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""CobaltStrike Malleable C2 Profile Analyzer - parses profiles to extract C2 indicators, detection signatures, and evasion techniques"""
# For authorized security research and defensive analysis only
import argparse
import json
import re
from collections import Counter
from datetime import datetime
from pathlib import Path
try:
from dissect.cobaltstrike.c2profile import C2Profile
HAS_DISSECT = True
except ImportError:
HAS_DISSECT = False
RUN_KEY_SUSPICIOUS = ["powershell", "cmd.exe", "mshta", "rundll32", "regsvr32", "wscript", "cscript"]
KNOWN_SPOOF_TARGETS = {
"amazon": "Amazon CDN impersonation",
"google": "Google services impersonation",
"microsoft": "Microsoft services impersonation",
"slack": "Slack API impersonation",
"cloudfront": "CloudFront CDN impersonation",
"jquery": "jQuery CDN impersonation",
"outlook": "Outlook Web impersonation",
"onedrive": "OneDrive impersonation",
}
def load_data(path):
return json.loads(Path(path).read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
def parse_profile_with_dissect(profile_path):
"""Parse a .profile file using dissect.cobaltstrike C2Profile."""
if not HAS_DISSECT:
return None
profile = C2Profile.from_path(profile_path)
return profile.as_dict()
def parse_profile_regex(content):
"""Regex-based parser for malleable C2 profile when dissect is unavailable."""
config = {}
set_pattern = re.compile(r'set\s+(\w+)\s+"([^"]*)"', re.MULTILINE)
for match in set_pattern.finditer(content):
config[match.group(1)] = match.group(2)
block_pattern = re.compile(r'(http-get|http-post|http-stager|https-certificate|dns-beacon|process-inject|post-ex)\s*\{', re.MULTILINE)
for match in block_pattern.finditer(content):
config.setdefault("blocks", []).append(match.group(1))
uri_pattern = re.compile(r'set\s+uri\s+"([^"]*)"', re.MULTILINE)
for match in uri_pattern.finditer(content):
config.setdefault("uris", []).append(match.group(1))
header_pattern = re.compile(r'header\s+"([^"]+)"\s+"([^"]*)"', re.MULTILINE)
for match in header_pattern.finditer(content):
config.setdefault("headers", []).append({"name": match.group(1), "value": match.group(2)})
spawn_pattern = re.compile(r'set\s+spawnto_x(?:86|64)\s+"([^"]*)"', re.MULTILINE)
for match in spawn_pattern.finditer(content):
config.setdefault("spawn_to", []).append(match.group(1))
return config
def analyze_profile(config):
"""Analyze parsed profile configuration for detection opportunities."""
findings = []
ua = config.get("useragent", config.get("user_agent", ""))
if ua:
findings.append({
"type": "user_agent_identified",
"severity": "info",
"resource": "http-config",
"detail": f"User-Agent: {ua[:100]}",
"indicator": ua,
})
for target, desc in KNOWN_SPOOF_TARGETS.items():
if target.lower() in ua.lower():
findings.append({
"type": "service_impersonation",
"severity": "medium",
"resource": "user-agent",
"detail": f"{desc} detected in User-Agent string",
})
sleeptime = config.get("sleeptime", config.get("sleep_time", ""))
jitter = config.get("jitter", "")
if sleeptime:
try:
sleep_ms = int(sleeptime)
if sleep_ms < 1000:
findings.append({
"type": "aggressive_beaconing",
"severity": "high",
"resource": "beacon-config",
"detail": f"Very low sleep time: {sleep_ms}ms - aggressive C2 callback rate",
})
except ValueError:
pass
uris = config.get("uris", [])
for uri in uris:
findings.append({
"type": "c2_uri",
"severity": "high",
"resource": "http-config",
"detail": f"C2 URI path: {uri}",
"indicator": uri,
})
headers = config.get("headers", [])
for h in headers:
name = h.get("name", "") if isinstance(h, dict) else str(h)
value = h.get("value", "") if isinstance(h, dict) else ""
if name.lower() in ("host", "cookie", "authorization"):
findings.append({
"type": "c2_header",
"severity": "medium",
"resource": "http-config",
"detail": f"Custom header: {name}: {value[:60]}",
})
spawn_to = config.get("spawn_to", config.get("spawnto_x86", []))
if isinstance(spawn_to, str):
spawn_to = [spawn_to]
for proc in spawn_to:
findings.append({
"type": "spawn_to_process",
"severity": "high",
"resource": "process-inject",
"detail": f"Beacon spawns to: {proc}",
"indicator": proc,
})
pipename = config.get("pipename", config.get("pipename_stager", ""))
if pipename:
findings.append({
"type": "named_pipe",
"severity": "high",
"resource": "process-inject",
"detail": f"Named pipe: {pipename}",
"indicator": pipename,
})
dns_idle = config.get("dns_idle", "")
if dns_idle:
findings.append({
"type": "dns_beacon_config",
"severity": "medium",
"resource": "dns-beacon",
"detail": f"DNS idle IP: {dns_idle}",
})
watermark = config.get("watermark", "")
if watermark:
findings.append({
"type": "watermark",
"severity": "info",
"resource": "beacon-config",
"detail": f"Beacon watermark: {watermark}",
})
return findings
def generate_suricata_rules(findings, sid_start=9000001):
"""Generate Suricata rules from extracted indicators."""
rules = []
sid = sid_start
for f in findings:
if f["type"] == "c2_uri" and f.get("indicator"):
uri = f["indicator"].replace('"', '\\"')
rules.append(
f'alert http $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET any '
f'(msg:"MALWARE CobaltStrike Malleable C2 URI {uri}"; '
f'flow:established,to_server; '
f'http.uri; content:"{uri}"; '
f'sid:{sid}; rev:1;)'
)
sid += 1
elif f["type"] == "named_pipe" and f.get("indicator"):
pipe = f["indicator"]
rules.append(
f'# Named pipe detection requires endpoint monitoring: {pipe}'
)
return rules
def analyze(data):
if isinstance(data, str):
config = parse_profile_regex(data)
elif isinstance(data, dict):
config = data
else:
config = data[0] if isinstance(data, list) and data else {}
return analyze_profile(config)
def generate_report(input_path):
path = Path(input_path)
if path.suffix in (".profile", ".txt"):
content = path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
config = parse_profile_regex(content)
findings = analyze_profile(config)
else:
data = load_data(input_path)
if isinstance(data, list):
findings = []
for profile in data:
findings.extend(analyze_profile(profile))
else:
findings = analyze_profile(data)
sev = Counter(f["severity"] for f in findings)
iocs = [f.get("indicator", "") for f in findings if f.get("indicator")]
rules = generate_suricata_rules(findings)
return {
"report": "cobaltstrike_malleable_c2_analysis",
"generated_at": datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + "Z",
"total_findings": len(findings),
"severity_summary": dict(sev),
"extracted_iocs": iocs,
"suricata_rules": rules,
"findings": findings,
}
def main():
ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="CobaltStrike Malleable C2 Profile Analyzer")
ap.add_argument("--input", required=True, help="Input .profile file or JSON with parsed config")
ap.add_argument("--output", help="Output JSON report path")
args = ap.parse_args()
report = generate_report(args.input)
out = json.dumps(report, indent=2)
if args.output:
Path(args.output).write_text(out, encoding="utf-8")
print(f"Report written to {args.output}")
else:
print(out)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
@@ -1,21 +1,201 @@
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahipal
Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
1. Definitions.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
the copyright owner that is granting the License.
"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
exercising permissions granted by this License.
"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
including but not limited to software source code, documentation
source, and configuration files.
"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
and conversions to other media types.
"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
(an example is provided in the Appendix below).
"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
submitted to the Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by the Licensor and
subsequently incorporated within the Work.
2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
(except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
as of the date such litigation is filed.
4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
meet the following conditions:
(a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that You changed the files; and
(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
the Derivative Works; and
(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
within such NOTICE file, excluding any notices that do not
pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
as modifying the License.
You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
the conditions stated in this License.
5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. Please do not remove or change
the license header comment from a contributed file except when
necessary.
Copyright 2026 mukul975
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
@@ -1,17 +1,27 @@
---
name: analyzing-command-and-control-communication
description: >
Analyzes malware command-and-control (C2) communication protocols to understand beacon
patterns, command structures, data encoding, and infrastructure. Covers HTTP, HTTPS, DNS,
and custom protocol C2 analysis for detection development and threat intelligence.
Activates for requests involving C2 analysis, beacon detection, C2 protocol reverse
engineering, or command-and-control infrastructure mapping.
description: 'Analyzes malware command-and-control (C2) communication protocols to understand beacon patterns, command structures,
data encoding, and infrastructure. Covers HTTP, HTTPS, DNS, and custom protocol C2 analysis for detection development and
threat intelligence. Activates for requests involving C2 analysis, beacon detection, C2 protocol reverse engineering, or
command-and-control infrastructure mapping.
'
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: malware-analysis
tags: [malware, C2, command-and-control, beacon, protocol-analysis]
tags:
- malware
- C2
- command-and-control
- beacon
- protocol-analysis
version: 1.0.0
author: mahipal
license: MIT
license: Apache-2.0
nist_csf:
- DE.AE-02
- RS.AN-03
- ID.RA-01
- DE.CM-01
---
# Analyzing Command-and-Control Communication
@@ -3,13 +3,12 @@
import statistics
import base64
import json
import os
import sys
from collections import defaultdict
try:
from scapy.all import rdpcap, IP, TCP, UDP, DNS, DNSQR, Raw
from scapy.all import rdpcap, IP, TCP, DNS, DNSQR
HAS_SCAPY = True
except ImportError:
HAS_SCAPY = False
+197 -17
View File
@@ -1,21 +1,201 @@
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahipal
Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
1. Definitions.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
the copyright owner that is granting the License.
"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
exercising permissions granted by this License.
"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
including but not limited to software source code, documentation
source, and configuration files.
"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
and conversions to other media types.
"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
(an example is provided in the Appendix below).
"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
submitted to the Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by the Licensor and
subsequently incorporated within the Work.
2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
(except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
as of the date such litigation is filed.
4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
meet the following conditions:
(a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that You changed the files; and
(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
the Derivative Works; and
(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
within such NOTICE file, excluding any notices that do not
pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
as modifying the License.
You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
the conditions stated in this License.
5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. Please do not remove or change
the license header comment from a contributed file except when
necessary.
Copyright 2026 mukul975
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
+19 -8
View File
@@ -1,18 +1,29 @@
---
name: analyzing-cyber-kill-chain
description: >
Analyzes intrusion activity against the Lockheed Martin Cyber Kill Chain framework to identify
which phases an adversary has completed, where defenses succeeded or failed, and what controls
would have interrupted the attack at earlier phases. Use when conducting post-incident analysis,
building prevention-focused security controls, or mapping detection gaps to kill chain phases.
Activates for requests involving kill chain analysis, intrusion kill chain, attack phase mapping,
description: 'Analyzes intrusion activity against the Lockheed Martin Cyber Kill Chain framework to identify which phases
an adversary has completed, where defenses succeeded or failed, and what controls would have interrupted the attack at earlier
phases. Use when conducting post-incident analysis, building prevention-focused security controls, or mapping detection
gaps to kill chain phases. Activates for requests involving kill chain analysis, intrusion kill chain, attack phase mapping,
or Lockheed Martin kill chain framework.
'
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: threat-intelligence
tags: [kill-chain, Lockheed-Martin, MITRE-ATT&CK, intrusion-analysis, defense-in-depth, NIST-CSF]
tags:
- kill-chain
- Lockheed-Martin
- MITRE-ATT&CK
- intrusion-analysis
- defense-in-depth
- NIST-CSF
version: 1.0.0
author: team-cybersecurity
license: MIT
license: Apache-2.0
nist_csf:
- ID.RA-01
- ID.RA-05
- DE.CM-01
- DE.AE-02
---
# Analyzing Cyber Kill Chain
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Cyber Kill Chain analysis agent for mapping incidents to Lockheed Martin kill chain phases."""
import json
import os
import sys
import datetime
+197 -17
View File
@@ -1,21 +1,201 @@
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahipal
Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
1. Definitions.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
the copyright owner that is granting the License.
"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
exercising permissions granted by this License.
"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
including but not limited to software source code, documentation
source, and configuration files.
"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
and conversions to other media types.
"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
(an example is provided in the Appendix below).
"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
submitted to the Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by the Licensor and
subsequently incorporated within the Work.
2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
(except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
as of the date such litigation is filed.
4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
meet the following conditions:
(a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that You changed the files; and
(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
the Derivative Works; and
(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
within such NOTICE file, excluding any notices that do not
pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
as modifying the License.
You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
the conditions stated in this License.
5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. Please do not remove or change
the license header comment from a contributed file except when
necessary.
Copyright 2026 mukul975
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
@@ -1,12 +1,24 @@
---
name: analyzing-disk-image-with-autopsy
description: Perform comprehensive forensic analysis of disk images using Autopsy to recover files, examine artifacts, and build investigation timelines.
description: Perform comprehensive forensic analysis of disk images using Autopsy to recover files, examine artifacts, and
build investigation timelines.
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: digital-forensics
tags: [forensics, autopsy, disk-analysis, sleuth-kit, file-recovery, artifact-analysis]
version: "1.0"
tags:
- forensics
- autopsy
- disk-analysis
- sleuth-kit
- file-recovery
- artifact-analysis
version: '1.0'
author: mahipal
license: MIT
license: Apache-2.0
nist_csf:
- RS.AN-01
- RS.AN-03
- DE.AE-02
- RS.MA-01
---
# Analyzing Disk Image with Autopsy
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Forensic disk image analysis agent using The Sleuth Kit (TSK) command-line tools."""
import shlex
import subprocess
import os
import sys
@@ -10,8 +11,10 @@ import datetime
def run_cmd(cmd):
"""Execute a shell command and return output."""
result = subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True, capture_output=True, text=True)
"""Execute a command and return output."""
if isinstance(cmd, str):
cmd = shlex.split(cmd)
result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=120)
return result.stdout.strip(), result.stderr.strip(), result.returncode
@@ -93,9 +96,15 @@ def list_deleted_files(image_path, offset):
def recover_file(image_path, offset, inode, output_path):
"""Recover a file by inode using icat."""
cmd = f"icat -o {offset} {image_path} {inode} > {output_path}"
_, _, rc = run_cmd(cmd)
return rc == 0
result = subprocess.run(
["icat", "-o", str(offset), image_path, str(inode)],
capture_output=True,
timeout=120,
)
if result.returncode == 0:
with open(output_path, "wb") as f:
f.write(result.stdout)
return result.returncode == 0
def get_file_metadata(image_path, offset, inode):
@@ -106,26 +115,40 @@ def get_file_metadata(image_path, offset, inode):
def create_bodyfile(image_path, offset, output_path):
"""Generate a TSK bodyfile for timeline creation."""
cmd = f'fls -r -m "/" -o {offset} {image_path} > {output_path}'
_, _, rc = run_cmd(cmd)
return rc == 0
result = subprocess.run(
["fls", "-r", "-m", "/", "-o", str(offset), image_path],
capture_output=True, text=True,
timeout=120,
)
if result.returncode == 0:
with open(output_path, "w") as f:
f.write(result.stdout)
return result.returncode == 0
def generate_timeline(bodyfile_path, output_csv, start_date=None, end_date=None):
"""Generate a timeline from a bodyfile using mactime."""
cmd = f"mactime -b {bodyfile_path} -d"
cmd = ["mactime", "-b", bodyfile_path, "-d"]
if start_date and end_date:
cmd += f" {start_date}..{end_date}"
cmd += f" > {output_csv}"
_, _, rc = run_cmd(cmd)
return rc == 0
cmd.append(f"{start_date}..{end_date}")
result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=120)
if result.returncode == 0:
with open(output_csv, "w") as f:
f.write(result.stdout)
return result.returncode == 0
def search_keywords(image_path, offset, keyword):
"""Search for keyword strings in the disk image."""
cmd = f'srch_strings -a -o {offset} {image_path} | grep -i "{keyword}"'
stdout, _, rc = run_cmd(cmd)
return stdout.splitlines() if rc == 0 else []
result = subprocess.run(
["srch_strings", "-a", "-o", str(offset), image_path],
capture_output=True, text=True,
timeout=120,
)
if result.returncode != 0 or not result.stdout:
return []
keyword_lower = keyword.lower()
return [line for line in result.stdout.splitlines() if keyword_lower in line.lower()]
def find_file_signature(image_path, offset, hex_signature):
@@ -179,7 +202,8 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
image = sys.argv[1]
case = sys.argv[2] if len(sys.argv) > 2 else "/tmp/autopsy_case"
import tempfile
case = sys.argv[2] if len(sys.argv) > 2 else os.environ.get("AUTOPSY_CASE_DIR", os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), "autopsy_case"))
if os.path.exists(image):
analyze_image(image, case)
else:
@@ -1,21 +1,201 @@
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahipal
Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
1. Definitions.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
the copyright owner that is granting the License.
"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
exercising permissions granted by this License.
"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
including but not limited to software source code, documentation
source, and configuration files.
"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
and conversions to other media types.
"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
(an example is provided in the Appendix below).
"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
submitted to the Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by the Licensor and
subsequently incorporated within the Work.
2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
(except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
as of the date such litigation is filed.
4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
meet the following conditions:
(a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that You changed the files; and
(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
the Derivative Works; and
(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
within such NOTICE file, excluding any notices that do not
pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
as modifying the License.
You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
the conditions stated in this License.
5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. Please do not remove or change
the license header comment from a contributed file except when
necessary.
Copyright 2026 mukul975
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
@@ -1,16 +1,33 @@
---
name: analyzing-dns-logs-for-exfiltration
description: >
Analyzes DNS query logs to detect data exfiltration via DNS tunneling, DGA domain communication,
and covert C2 channels using entropy analysis, query volume anomalies, and subdomain length
detection in SIEM platforms. Use when SOC teams need to identify DNS-based threats that bypass
traditional network security controls.
description: 'Analyzes DNS query logs to detect data exfiltration via DNS tunneling, DGA domain communication, and covert
C2 channels using entropy analysis, query volume anomalies, and subdomain length detection in SIEM platforms. Use when SOC
teams need to identify DNS-based threats that bypass traditional network security controls.
'
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: soc-operations
tags: [soc, dns, exfiltration, dns-tunneling, dga, c2-detection, splunk, threat-detection]
version: "1.0"
tags:
- soc
- dns
- exfiltration
- dns-tunneling
- dga
- c2-detection
- splunk
- threat-detection
version: '1.0'
author: mahipal
license: MIT
license: Apache-2.0
atlas_techniques:
- AML.T0024
- AML.T0056
- AML.T0086
nist_csf:
- DE.CM-01
- DE.AE-02
- RS.MA-01
- DE.AE-06
---
# Analyzing DNS Logs for Exfiltration
@@ -2,11 +2,6 @@
"""DNS exfiltration detection agent using entropy analysis and query pattern detection."""
import math
import os
import sys
import json
import csv
import datetime
from collections import Counter, defaultdict
@@ -1,21 +1,201 @@
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahipal
Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
1. Definitions.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
the copyright owner that is granting the License.
"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
exercising permissions granted by this License.
"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
including but not limited to software source code, documentation
source, and configuration files.
"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
and conversions to other media types.
"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
(an example is provided in the Appendix below).
"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
submitted to the Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by the Licensor and
subsequently incorporated within the Work.
2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
(except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
as of the date such litigation is filed.
4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
meet the following conditions:
(a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that You changed the files; and
(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
the Derivative Works; and
(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
within such NOTICE file, excluding any notices that do not
pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
as modifying the License.
You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
the conditions stated in this License.
5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. Please do not remove or change
the license header comment from a contributed file except when
necessary.
Copyright 2026 mukul975
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
@@ -1,12 +1,24 @@
---
name: analyzing-docker-container-forensics
description: Investigate compromised Docker containers by analyzing images, layers, volumes, logs, and runtime artifacts to identify malicious activity and evidence.
description: Investigate compromised Docker containers by analyzing images, layers, volumes, logs, and runtime artifacts to
identify malicious activity and evidence.
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: digital-forensics
tags: [forensics, docker, container-forensics, container-security, image-analysis, runtime-investigation]
version: "1.0"
tags:
- forensics
- docker
- container-forensics
- container-security
- image-analysis
- runtime-investigation
version: '1.0'
author: mahipal
license: MIT
license: Apache-2.0
nist_csf:
- RS.AN-01
- RS.AN-03
- DE.AE-02
- RS.MA-01
---
# Analyzing Docker Container Forensics
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Docker container forensics agent for investigating compromised containers."""
import shlex
import subprocess
import json
import os
@@ -10,8 +11,10 @@ import datetime
def run_cmd(cmd):
"""Execute a shell command and return output."""
result = subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True, capture_output=True, text=True)
"""Execute a command and return output."""
if isinstance(cmd, str):
cmd = shlex.split(cmd)
result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=120)
return result.stdout.strip(), result.stderr.strip(), result.returncode
@@ -134,9 +137,13 @@ def detect_suspicious_files(changes):
def export_container(container_id, output_path):
"""Export container filesystem as a tarball for offline analysis."""
cmd = f"docker export {container_id} > {output_path}"
_, _, rc = run_cmd(cmd)
if rc == 0 and os.path.exists(output_path):
with open(output_path, "wb") as out_f:
result = subprocess.run(
["docker", "export", container_id],
stdout=out_f, stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
timeout=120,
)
if result.returncode == 0 and os.path.exists(output_path):
sha256 = hashlib.sha256()
with open(output_path, "rb") as f:
for chunk in iter(lambda: f.read(65536), b""):
@@ -1,21 +1,201 @@
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahipal
Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
1. Definitions.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
the copyright owner that is granting the License.
"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
exercising permissions granted by this License.
"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
including but not limited to software source code, documentation
source, and configuration files.
"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
and conversions to other media types.
"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
(an example is provided in the Appendix below).
"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
submitted to the Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by the Licensor and
subsequently incorporated within the Work.
2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
(except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
as of the date such litigation is filed.
4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
meet the following conditions:
(a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that You changed the files; and
(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
the Derivative Works; and
(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
within such NOTICE file, excluding any notices that do not
pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
as modifying the License.
You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
the conditions stated in this License.
5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. Please do not remove or change
the license header comment from a contributed file except when
necessary.
Copyright 2026 mukul975
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
@@ -1,12 +1,27 @@
---
name: analyzing-email-headers-for-phishing-investigation
description: Parse and analyze email headers to trace the origin of phishing emails, verify sender authenticity, and identify spoofing through SPF, DKIM, and DMARC validation.
description: Parse and analyze email headers to trace the origin of phishing emails, verify sender authenticity, and identify
spoofing through SPF, DKIM, and DMARC validation.
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: digital-forensics
tags: [forensics, email-analysis, phishing, spf, dkim, dmarc, header-analysis]
version: "1.0"
tags:
- forensics
- email-analysis
- phishing
- spf
- dkim
- dmarc
- header-analysis
version: '1.0'
author: mahipal
license: MIT
license: Apache-2.0
atlas_techniques:
- AML.T0052
nist_csf:
- RS.AN-01
- RS.AN-03
- DE.AE-02
- RS.MA-01
---
# Analyzing Email Headers for Phishing Investigation
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import hashlib
import os
import sys
import subprocess
import json
from email import policy
@@ -147,9 +146,10 @@ def extract_attachments(msg, output_dir=None):
def dns_lookup(domain, record_type="TXT"):
"""Perform DNS lookup for SPF/DKIM/DMARC records."""
cmd = f"dig {record_type} {domain} +short"
stdout, _, rc = subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True, capture_output=True, text=True,
timeout=10).stdout, "", 0
stdout, _, rc = subprocess.run(
["dig", record_type, domain, "+short"],
capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=10
).stdout, "", 0
return stdout.strip() if stdout else ""
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
1. Definitions.
"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
the copyright owner that is granting the License.
"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
exercising permissions granted by this License.
"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
including but not limited to software source code, documentation
source, and configuration files.
"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
and conversions to other media types.
"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
(an example is provided in the Appendix below).
"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
submitted to the Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by the Licensor and
subsequently incorporated within the Work.
2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
(except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
as of the date such litigation is filed.
4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
meet the following conditions:
(a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that You changed the files; and
(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
the Derivative Works; and
(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
within such NOTICE file, excluding any notices that do not
pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
as modifying the License.
You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
the conditions stated in this License.
5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. Please do not remove or change
the license header comment from a contributed file except when
necessary.
Copyright 2026 mukul975
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
---
name: analyzing-ethereum-smart-contract-vulnerabilities
description: Perform static and symbolic analysis of Solidity smart contracts using Slither and Mythril to detect reentrancy,
integer overflow, access control, and other vulnerability classes before deployment to Ethereum mainnet.
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: blockchain-security
tags:
- ethereum
- solidity
- smart-contract
- slither
- mythril
- blockchain
- defi
- audit
version: '1.0'
author: mahipal
license: Apache-2.0
nist_csf:
- PR.DS-01
- PR.DS-02
- ID.RA-01
---
# Analyzing Ethereum Smart Contract Vulnerabilities
## Overview
Smart contract vulnerabilities have led to billions of dollars in losses across DeFi protocols. Unlike traditional software, deployed smart contracts are immutable and handle real financial assets, making pre-deployment security analysis critical. Slither performs fast static analysis using an intermediate representation to detect over 90 vulnerability patterns in seconds, while Mythril uses symbolic execution and SMT solving to discover complex execution path vulnerabilities like reentrancy and integer overflows. This skill covers running both tools against Solidity contracts, interpreting results, triaging findings by severity, and generating audit reports.
## When to Use
- When investigating security incidents that require analyzing ethereum smart contract vulnerabilities
- When building detection rules or threat hunting queries for this domain
- When SOC analysts need structured procedures for this analysis type
- When validating security monitoring coverage for related attack techniques
## Prerequisites
- Python 3.10+ with pip
- Slither (pip install slither-analyzer) and solc compiler
- Mythril (pip install mythril) with solc-select for compiler version management
- Solidity source code or compiled contract bytecode
- Foundry or Hardhat development framework (optional, for project-level analysis)
## Steps
### Step 1: Run Slither Static Analysis
Execute Slither against the contract codebase to identify vulnerability patterns, optimization opportunities, and code quality issues using its 90+ built-in detectors.
### Step 2: Run Mythril Symbolic Execution
Run Mythril deep analysis to explore execution paths and discover reentrancy, unchecked external calls, and arithmetic vulnerabilities that require path-sensitive analysis.
### Step 3: Triage and Correlate Findings
Combine results from both tools, deduplicate findings, assess severity based on exploitability and financial impact, and filter false positives.
### Step 4: Generate Audit Report
Produce a structured audit report with vulnerability descriptions, affected code locations, exploit scenarios, and remediation recommendations.
## Expected Output
JSON report listing vulnerabilities with SWC (Smart Contract Weakness Classification) identifiers, severity ratings, affected functions, and suggested fixes.
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
# API Reference: Analyzing Ethereum Smart Contract Vulnerabilities
## Slither CLI
```bash
# Basic analysis
slither contracts/
# JSON output
slither contracts/ --json slither-report.json
# Run specific detector only
slither contracts/ --detect reentrancy-eth,unprotected-upgrade
# List all detectors
slither --list-detectors
# Print contract summary
slither contracts/ --print human-summary
# Generate inheritance graph
slither contracts/ --print inheritance-graph
```
## Mythril CLI
```bash
# Analyze single contract
myth analyze contracts/Token.sol
# JSON output
myth analyze contracts/Token.sol -o json
# Set execution timeout
myth analyze contracts/Token.sol --execution-timeout 300
# Analyze deployed bytecode
myth analyze --address 0x1234... --rpc infura
# Increase analysis depth
myth analyze contracts/Token.sol --max-depth 50 --transaction-count 3
```
## Slither Detector Severity Levels
| Impact | Confidence | Example Detectors |
|--------|------------|-------------------|
| High | High | reentrancy-eth, suicidal, arbitrary-send-eth |
| High | Medium | controlled-delegatecall, reentrancy-no-eth |
| Medium | High | locked-ether, incorrect-equality |
| Medium | Medium | uninitialized-state, shadowing-state |
| Low | High | naming-convention, solc-version |
| Informational | High | pragma, dead-code |
## SWC Registry (Key Entries)
| SWC ID | Title | Tool Coverage |
|--------|-------|---------------|
| SWC-101 | Integer Overflow/Underflow | Mythril |
| SWC-104 | Unchecked Call Return | Slither + Mythril |
| SWC-106 | Unprotected SELFDESTRUCT | Slither + Mythril |
| SWC-107 | Reentrancy | Slither + Mythril |
| SWC-110 | Assert Violation | Mythril |
| SWC-112 | Delegatecall to Untrusted Callee | Slither |
| SWC-115 | tx.origin Authentication | Slither |
| SWC-116 | Block Timestamp Dependence | Mythril |
| SWC-120 | Weak Randomness | Slither |
## Installation
```bash
# Slither (requires solc)
pip install slither-analyzer
solc-select install 0.8.20
solc-select use 0.8.20
# Mythril
pip install mythril
```
## Slither JSON Output Structure
```json
{
"success": true,
"results": {
"detectors": [{
"check": "reentrancy-eth",
"impact": "High",
"confidence": "Medium",
"description": "Reentrancy in Contract.withdraw()",
"elements": [{"source_mapping": {"filename_short": "Contract.sol", "lines": [42, 43]}}]
}]
}
}
```
### References
- Slither: https://github.com/crytic/slither
- Mythril: https://github.com/Consensys/mythril
- SWC Registry: https://swcregistry.io/
- Solidity Security: https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/security-considerations.html
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Smart Contract Security Agent - runs Slither and Mythril analysis on Solidity contracts."""
import json
import argparse
import logging
import subprocess
from collections import defaultdict
from datetime import datetime
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format="%(asctime)s [%(levelname)s] %(message)s")
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
SWC_REGISTRY = {
"SWC-101": "Integer Overflow and Underflow",
"SWC-104": "Unchecked Call Return Value",
"SWC-106": "Unprotected SELFDESTRUCT",
"SWC-107": "Reentrancy",
"SWC-110": "Assert Violation",
"SWC-112": "Delegatecall to Untrusted Callee",
"SWC-113": "DoS with Failed Call",
"SWC-115": "Authorization through tx.origin",
"SWC-116": "Block values as a proxy for time",
"SWC-120": "Weak Sources of Randomness",
}
def run_slither(contract_path):
"""Run Slither static analysis on Solidity contract."""
cmd = ["slither", contract_path, "--json", "-"]
result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=120)
try:
return json.loads(result.stdout) if result.stdout else {}
except json.JSONDecodeError:
logger.error("Slither JSON parse failed")
return {}
def run_mythril(contract_path, timeout=300):
"""Run Mythril symbolic execution analysis."""
cmd = ["myth", "analyze", contract_path, "--execution-timeout", str(timeout), "-o", "json"]
result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=timeout + 60)
try:
return json.loads(result.stdout) if result.stdout else {}
except json.JSONDecodeError:
logger.error("Mythril JSON parse failed")
return {}
def analyze_slither_results(slither_output):
"""Parse and categorize Slither detector findings."""
findings = []
by_severity = defaultdict(int)
by_detector = defaultdict(int)
for detector in slither_output.get("results", {}).get("detectors", []):
severity = detector.get("impact", "informational").lower()
by_severity[severity] += 1
det_name = detector.get("check", "unknown")
by_detector[det_name] += 1
elements = detector.get("elements", [])
location = ""
if elements:
elem = elements[0]
location = f"{elem.get('source_mapping', {}).get('filename_short', '')}:" \
f"L{elem.get('source_mapping', {}).get('lines', [0])[0] if elem.get('source_mapping', {}).get('lines') else 0}"
findings.append({
"detector": det_name,
"severity": severity,
"description": detector.get("description", "")[:200],
"location": location,
"confidence": detector.get("confidence", ""),
})
return {
"total": len(findings),
"by_severity": dict(by_severity),
"by_detector": dict(sorted(by_detector.items(), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)[:15]),
"findings": sorted(findings, key=lambda x: {"high": 0, "medium": 1, "low": 2, "informational": 3}.get(x["severity"], 4)),
}
def analyze_mythril_results(mythril_output):
"""Parse Mythril symbolic execution findings."""
findings = []
by_swc = defaultdict(int)
for issue in mythril_output.get("issues", []):
swc_id = issue.get("swc-id", "")
swc_key = f"SWC-{swc_id}" if swc_id else "unknown"
by_swc[swc_key] += 1
severity = issue.get("severity", "Medium").lower()
findings.append({
"swc_id": swc_key,
"swc_title": SWC_REGISTRY.get(swc_key, issue.get("title", "")),
"severity": severity,
"description": issue.get("description", "")[:200],
"contract": issue.get("contract", ""),
"function": issue.get("function", ""),
"line_number": issue.get("lineno", 0),
})
return {
"total": len(findings),
"by_swc": dict(by_swc),
"findings": findings,
}
def deduplicate_findings(slither_findings, mythril_findings):
"""Merge and deduplicate findings from both tools."""
combined = []
seen = set()
for f in slither_findings.get("findings", []):
key = (f.get("location", ""), f.get("detector", ""))
if key not in seen:
seen.add(key)
combined.append({**f, "source": "slither"})
for f in mythril_findings.get("findings", []):
key = (f.get("contract", "") + str(f.get("line_number", 0)), f.get("swc_id", ""))
if key not in seen:
seen.add(key)
combined.append({**f, "source": "mythril"})
return combined
def generate_report(contract_path, slither_analysis, mythril_analysis, combined):
critical_high = sum(1 for f in combined if f.get("severity") in ("high", "critical"))
return {
"timestamp": datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
"contract": contract_path,
"slither_analysis": {
"total_findings": slither_analysis["total"],
"by_severity": slither_analysis["by_severity"],
"top_detectors": slither_analysis["by_detector"],
},
"mythril_analysis": {
"total_findings": mythril_analysis["total"],
"by_swc": mythril_analysis["by_swc"],
},
"combined_findings": len(combined),
"critical_high_findings": critical_high,
"audit_result": "FAIL" if critical_high > 0 else "PASS",
"findings": combined[:30],
}
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Solidity Smart Contract Security Analysis Agent")
parser.add_argument("--contract", required=True, help="Path to Solidity contract or project directory")
parser.add_argument("--mythril-timeout", type=int, default=300, help="Mythril execution timeout (seconds)")
parser.add_argument("--skip-mythril", action="store_true", help="Skip Mythril (slow symbolic execution)")
parser.add_argument("--output", default="smart_contract_audit_report.json")
args = parser.parse_args()
slither_output = run_slither(args.contract)
slither_analysis = analyze_slither_results(slither_output)
mythril_analysis = {"total": 0, "by_swc": {}, "findings": []}
if not args.skip_mythril:
mythril_output = run_mythril(args.contract, args.mythril_timeout)
mythril_analysis = analyze_mythril_results(mythril_output)
combined = deduplicate_findings(slither_analysis, mythril_analysis)
report = generate_report(args.contract, slither_analysis, mythril_analysis, combined)
with open(args.output, "w") as f:
json.dump(report, f, indent=2, default=str)
logger.info("Smart contract audit: %d findings (%d critical/high), result: %s",
report["combined_findings"], report["critical_high_findings"], report["audit_result"])
print(json.dumps(report, indent=2, default=str))
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
@@ -1,21 +1,201 @@
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahipal
Apache License
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http://www.apache.org/licenses/
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
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"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
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incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. Please do not remove or change
the license header comment from a contributed file except when
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Copyright 2026 mukul975
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
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Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
@@ -1,12 +1,25 @@
---
name: analyzing-golang-malware-with-ghidra
description: Reverse engineer Go-compiled malware using Ghidra with specialized scripts for function recovery, string extraction, and type reconstruction in stripped Go binaries.
description: Reverse engineer Go-compiled malware using Ghidra with specialized scripts for function recovery, string extraction,
and type reconstruction in stripped Go binaries.
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: malware-analysis
tags: [golang, ghidra, reverse-engineering, malware-analysis, binary-analysis, go-malware, disassembly]
version: "1.0"
tags:
- golang
- ghidra
- reverse-engineering
- malware-analysis
- binary-analysis
- go-malware
- disassembly
version: '1.0'
author: mahipal
license: MIT
license: Apache-2.0
nist_csf:
- DE.AE-02
- RS.AN-03
- ID.RA-01
- DE.CM-01
---
# Analyzing Golang Malware with Ghidra
@@ -14,6 +27,14 @@ license: MIT
Go (Golang) has become a popular language for malware authors due to its cross-compilation capabilities, static linking that produces self-contained binaries, and the complexity it introduces for reverse engineering. Go binaries contain the entire runtime, standard library, and all dependencies statically linked, resulting in large binaries (often 5-15MB) with thousands of functions. Ghidra struggles with Go-specific string formats (non-null-terminated), stripped function names, and goroutine concurrency patterns. Specialized tools like GoResolver (Volexity, 2025) use control-flow graph similarity to automatically deobfuscate and recover function names in stripped or obfuscated Go binaries.
## When to Use
- When investigating security incidents that require analyzing golang malware with ghidra
- When building detection rules or threat hunting queries for this domain
- When SOC analysts need structured procedures for this analysis type
- When validating security monitoring coverage for related attack techniques
## Prerequisites
- Ghidra 11.0+ with JDK 17+
@@ -37,7 +58,7 @@ Despite stripping symbol tables, Go binaries retain function names within the pc
Go's dependency management embeds module paths and version strings in the binary. Extracting these reveals the malware's third-party dependencies (HTTP libraries, encryption packages, C2 frameworks), which provides insight into capabilities without full reverse engineering.
## Practical Steps
## Workflow
### Step 1: Initial Binary Analysis
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ Analyzes Go binaries to extract function names, strings, build metadata,
package information, and detects common Go malware characteristics.
"""
import struct
import os
import sys
import json
+197 -17
View File
@@ -1,21 +1,201 @@
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahipal
Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
1. Definitions.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
the copyright owner that is granting the License.
"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
exercising permissions granted by this License.
"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
including but not limited to software source code, documentation
source, and configuration files.
"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
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not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
and conversions to other media types.
"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
(an example is provided in the Appendix below).
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form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
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of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
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the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
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with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
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or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
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4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
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meet the following conditions:
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(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
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(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
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do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
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that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
as modifying the License.
You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
the conditions stated in this License.
5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
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origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. Please do not remove or change
the license header comment from a contributed file except when
necessary.
Copyright 2026 mukul975
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
@@ -1,12 +1,23 @@
---
name: analyzing-heap-spray-exploitation
description: Detect and analyze heap spray attacks in memory dumps using Volatility3 plugins to identify NOP sled patterns, shellcode landing zones, and suspicious large allocations in process virtual address space.
description: Detect and analyze heap spray attacks in memory dumps using Volatility3 plugins to identify NOP sled patterns,
shellcode landing zones, and suspicious large allocations in process virtual address space.
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: malware-analysis
tags: [malware-analysis, memory-forensics, heap-spray, volatility3, exploit-analysis]
version: "1.0"
tags:
- malware-analysis
- memory-forensics
- heap-spray
- volatility3
- exploit-analysis
version: '1.0'
author: mahipal
license: MIT
license: Apache-2.0
nist_csf:
- DE.AE-02
- RS.AN-03
- ID.RA-01
- DE.CM-01
---
# Analyzing Heap Spray Exploitation
@@ -14,6 +25,14 @@ license: MIT
Heap spraying is an exploitation technique that fills large regions of a process's heap with attacker-controlled data (typically NOP sleds followed by shellcode) to increase the reliability of code execution exploits. This skill covers detecting heap spray artifacts in memory dumps using Volatility3's malfind, vadinfo, and memmap plugins, identifying suspicious contiguous memory allocations, scanning for NOP sled patterns (0x90, 0x0c0c0c0c), and extracting embedded shellcode for analysis.
## When to Use
- When investigating security incidents that require analyzing heap spray exploitation
- When building detection rules or threat hunting queries for this domain
- When SOC analysts need structured procedures for this analysis type
- When validating security monitoring coverage for related attack techniques
## Prerequisites
- Python 3.9+ with `volatility3` framework installed
+197 -17
View File
@@ -1,21 +1,201 @@
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahipal
Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
1. Definitions.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
the copyright owner that is granting the License.
"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
exercising permissions granted by this License.
"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
including but not limited to software source code, documentation
source, and configuration files.
"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
and conversions to other media types.
"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
(an example is provided in the Appendix below).
"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
submitted to the Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by the Licensor and
subsequently incorporated within the Work.
2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
(except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
as of the date such litigation is filed.
4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
meet the following conditions:
(a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that You changed the files; and
(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
the Derivative Works; and
(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
within such NOTICE file, excluding any notices that do not
pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
as modifying the License.
You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
the conditions stated in this License.
5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. Please do not remove or change
the license header comment from a contributed file except when
necessary.
Copyright 2026 mukul975
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
@@ -1,17 +1,32 @@
---
name: analyzing-indicators-of-compromise
description: >
Analyzes indicators of compromise (IOCs) including IP addresses, domains, file hashes, URLs,
and email artifacts to determine maliciousness confidence, campaign attribution, and blocking
priority. Use when triaging IOCs from phishing emails, security alerts, or external threat feeds;
enriching raw IOCs with multi-source intelligence; or making block/monitor/whitelist decisions.
Activates for requests involving VirusTotal, AbuseIPDB, MalwareBazaar, MISP, or IOC enrichment pipelines.
description: 'Analyzes indicators of compromise (IOCs) including IP addresses, domains, file hashes, URLs, and email artifacts
to determine maliciousness confidence, campaign attribution, and blocking priority. Use when triaging IOCs from phishing
emails, security alerts, or external threat feeds; enriching raw IOCs with multi-source intelligence; or making block/monitor/whitelist
decisions. Activates for requests involving VirusTotal, AbuseIPDB, MalwareBazaar, MISP, or IOC enrichment pipelines.
'
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: threat-intelligence
tags: [IOC, VirusTotal, AbuseIPDB, MalwareBazaar, MISP, threat-intelligence, STIX, NIST-CSF]
tags:
- IOC
- VirusTotal
- AbuseIPDB
- MalwareBazaar
- MISP
- threat-intelligence
- STIX
- NIST-CSF
version: 1.0.0
author: mahipal
license: MIT
license: Apache-2.0
atlas_techniques:
- AML.T0052
nist_csf:
- ID.RA-01
- ID.RA-05
- DE.CM-01
- DE.AE-02
---
# Analyzing Indicators of Compromise
@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@
import re
import os
import sys
import json
import hashlib
import datetime
try:
@@ -69,7 +67,7 @@ def is_private_ip(ip):
def query_virustotal_hash(sha256, api_key):
"""Query VirusTotal for a file hash."""
url = f"https://www.virustotal.com/api/v3/files/{sha256}"
resp = requests.get(url, headers={"x-apikey": api_key})
resp = requests.get(url, headers={"x-apikey": api_key}, timeout=30)
if resp.status_code == 200:
data = resp.json().get("data", {}).get("attributes", {})
stats = data.get("last_analysis_stats", {})
@@ -88,7 +86,7 @@ def query_virustotal_hash(sha256, api_key):
def query_virustotal_domain(domain, api_key):
"""Query VirusTotal for domain reputation."""
url = f"https://www.virustotal.com/api/v3/domains/{domain}"
resp = requests.get(url, headers={"x-apikey": api_key})
resp = requests.get(url, headers={"x-apikey": api_key}, timeout=30)
if resp.status_code == 200:
data = resp.json().get("data", {}).get("attributes", {})
stats = data.get("last_analysis_stats", {})
@@ -107,7 +105,7 @@ def query_abuseipdb(ip, api_key, max_age_days=90):
"""Query AbuseIPDB for IP reputation."""
url = "https://api.abuseipdb.com/api/v2/check"
resp = requests.get(url, headers={"Key": api_key, "Accept": "application/json"},
params={"ipAddress": ip, "maxAgeInDays": max_age_days})
params={"ipAddress": ip, "maxAgeInDays": max_age_days}, timeout=30)
if resp.status_code == 200:
data = resp.json().get("data", {})
return {
@@ -125,7 +123,7 @@ def query_abuseipdb(ip, api_key, max_age_days=90):
def query_malwarebazaar(sha256):
"""Query MalwareBazaar for file hash information."""
url = "https://mb-api.abuse.ch/api/v1/"
resp = requests.post(url, data={"query": "get_info", "hash": sha256})
resp = requests.post(url, data={"query": "get_info", "hash": sha256}, timeout=30)
if resp.status_code == 200:
result = resp.json()
if result.get("query_status") == "ok" and result.get("data"):
@@ -1,21 +1,201 @@
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahipal
Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
1. Definitions.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
the copyright owner that is granting the License.
"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
exercising permissions granted by this License.
"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
including but not limited to software source code, documentation
source, and configuration files.
"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
and conversions to other media types.
"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
(an example is provided in the Appendix below).
"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
submitted to the Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by the Licensor and
subsequently incorporated within the Work.
2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
(except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
as of the date such litigation is filed.
4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
meet the following conditions:
(a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that You changed the files; and
(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
the Derivative Works; and
(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
within such NOTICE file, excluding any notices that do not
pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
as modifying the License.
You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
the conditions stated in this License.
5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. Please do not remove or change
the license header comment from a contributed file except when
necessary.
Copyright 2026 mukul975
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
@@ -1,18 +1,36 @@
---
name: analyzing-ios-app-security-with-objection
description: >
Performs runtime mobile security exploration of iOS applications using Objection, a Frida-powered
toolkit that enables security testers to interact with app internals without jailbreaking. Use when
assessing iOS app security posture, bypassing client-side protections, dumping keychain items,
inspecting filesystem storage, and evaluating runtime behavior. Activates for requests involving
iOS security testing, Objection runtime analysis, Frida-based iOS assessment, or mobile runtime
exploration.
description: 'Performs runtime mobile security exploration of iOS applications using Objection, a Frida-powered toolkit that
enables security testers to interact with app internals without jailbreaking. Use when assessing iOS app security posture,
bypassing client-side protections, dumping keychain items, inspecting filesystem storage, and evaluating runtime behavior.
Activates for requests involving iOS security testing, Objection runtime analysis, Frida-based iOS assessment, or mobile
runtime exploration.
'
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: mobile-security
author: mahipal
tags: [mobile-security, ios, objection, frida, owasp-mobile, penetration-testing]
tags:
- mobile-security
- ios
- objection
- frida
- owasp-mobile
- penetration-testing
version: 1.0.0
license: MIT
license: Apache-2.0
atlas_techniques:
- AML.T0054
nist_ai_rmf:
- MEASURE-2.7
- MANAGE-2.4
- GOVERN-6.2
- MAP-5.1
nist_csf:
- PR.PS-01
- PR.AA-05
- ID.RA-01
- DE.CM-09
---
# Analyzing iOS App Security with Objection
@@ -7,9 +7,7 @@ keychain dumping, filesystem inspection, and jailbreak detection bypass.
import subprocess
import json
import os
import sys
import re
def run_objection(command, app_id=None, timeout=30):
+197 -17
View File
@@ -1,21 +1,201 @@
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahipal
Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
1. Definitions.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
the copyright owner that is granting the License.
"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
exercising permissions granted by this License.
"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
including but not limited to software source code, documentation
source, and configuration files.
"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
and conversions to other media types.
"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
(an example is provided in the Appendix below).
"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
submitted to the Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by the Licensor and
subsequently incorporated within the Work.
2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
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copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
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3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
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(except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
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granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
as of the date such litigation is filed.
4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
meet the following conditions:
(a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that You changed the files; and
(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
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(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
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as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
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wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
as modifying the License.
You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
the conditions stated in this License.
5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. Please do not remove or change
the license header comment from a contributed file except when
necessary.
Copyright 2026 mukul975
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
@@ -1,20 +1,44 @@
---
name: analyzing-kubernetes-audit-logs
description: >
Parses Kubernetes API server audit logs (JSON lines) to detect exec-into-pod, secret
access, RBAC modifications, privileged pod creation, and anonymous API access. Builds
threat detection rules from audit event patterns. Use when investigating Kubernetes
cluster compromise or building k8s-specific SIEM detection rules.
description: 'Parses Kubernetes API server audit logs (JSON lines) to detect exec-into-pod, secret access, RBAC modifications,
privileged pod creation, and anonymous API access. Builds threat detection rules from audit event patterns. Use when investigating
Kubernetes cluster compromise or building k8s-specific SIEM detection rules.
'
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: container-security
tags: [analyzing, kubernetes, audit, logs]
version: "1.0"
tags:
- analyzing
- kubernetes
- audit
- logs
version: '1.0'
author: mahipal
license: MIT
license: Apache-2.0
nist_csf:
- PR.PS-01
- PR.IR-01
- ID.AM-08
- DE.CM-01
---
# Analyzing Kubernetes Audit Logs
## When to Use
- When investigating security incidents that require analyzing kubernetes audit logs
- When building detection rules or threat hunting queries for this domain
- When SOC analysts need structured procedures for this analysis type
- When validating security monitoring coverage for related attack techniques
## Prerequisites
- Familiarity with container security concepts and tools
- Access to a test or lab environment for safe execution
- Python 3.8+ with required dependencies installed
- Appropriate authorization for any testing activities
## Instructions
Parse Kubernetes audit log files (JSON lines format) to detect security-relevant
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Agent for analyzing Kubernetes audit logs for security threats."""
import os
import json
import argparse
from collections import defaultdict
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
1. Definitions.
"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
the copyright owner that is granting the License.
"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
"control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
exercising permissions granted by this License.
"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
including but not limited to software source code, documentation
source, and configuration files.
"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
and conversions to other media types.
"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
(an example is provided in the Appendix below).
"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
submitted to the Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by the Licensor and
subsequently incorporated within the Work.
2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
(except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
as of the date such litigation is filed.
4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
meet the following conditions:
(a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
(b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that You changed the files; and
(c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
the Derivative Works; and
(d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
within such NOTICE file, excluding any notices that do not
pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
as modifying the License.
You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
the conditions stated in this License.
5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
comment syntax for the file format. Please do not remove or change
the license header comment from a contributed file except when
necessary.
Copyright 2026 mukul975
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
---
name: analyzing-linux-audit-logs-for-intrusion
description: 'Uses the Linux Audit framework (auditd) with ausearch and aureport utilities to detect intrusion attempts, unauthorized
access, privilege escalation, and suspicious system activity. Covers audit rule configuration, log querying, timeline reconstruction,
and integration with SIEM platforms. Activates for requests involving auditd analysis, Linux audit log investigation, ausearch
queries, aureport summaries, or host-based intrusion detection on Linux.
'
domain: cybersecurity
subdomain: incident-response
tags:
- auditd
- ausearch
- aureport
- linux-security
- intrusion-detection
- HIDS
- forensics
version: 1.0.0
author: mahipal
license: Apache-2.0
nist_csf:
- RS.MA-01
- RS.MA-02
- RS.AN-03
- RC.RP-01
---
# Analyzing Linux Audit Logs for Intrusion
## When to Use
- Investigating suspected unauthorized access or privilege escalation on Linux hosts
- Hunting for evidence of exploitation, backdoor installation, or persistence mechanisms
- Auditing compliance with security baselines (CIS, STIG, PCI-DSS) that require system call monitoring
- Reconstructing a timeline of attacker actions during incident response
- Detecting file tampering on critical system files such as `/etc/passwd`, `/etc/shadow`, or SSH keys
**Do not use** for network-level intrusion detection; use Suricata or Zeek for network traffic analysis. Auditd operates at the kernel level on individual hosts.
## Prerequisites
- Linux system with `auditd` package installed and the audit daemon running (`systemctl status auditd`)
- Root or sudo access to configure audit rules and query logs
- Audit rules deployed via `/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules` or loaded with `auditctl`
- Recommended: Neo23x0/auditd ruleset from GitHub for comprehensive baseline coverage
- Familiarity with Linux syscalls (`execve`, `open`, `connect`, `ptrace`, etc.)
- Log storage with sufficient retention (default location: `/var/log/audit/audit.log`)
## Workflow
### Step 1: Verify Audit Daemon Status and Configuration
Confirm the audit system is running and check the current rule set:
```bash
# Check auditd service status
systemctl status auditd
# Show current audit rules loaded in the kernel
auditctl -l
# Show audit daemon configuration
cat /etc/audit/auditd.conf | grep -E "log_file|max_log_file|num_logs|space_left_action"
# Check if the audit backlog is being exceeded (dropped events)
auditctl -s
```
If the backlog limit is being reached, increase it:
```bash
auditctl -b 8192
```
### Step 2: Deploy Intrusion-Focused Audit Rules
Add rules that target common intrusion indicators. Place these in `/etc/audit/rules.d/intrusion.rules`:
```bash
# Monitor credential files for unauthorized reads or modifications
-w /etc/passwd -p wa -k credential_access
-w /etc/shadow -p rwa -k credential_access
-w /etc/gshadow -p rwa -k credential_access
-w /etc/sudoers -p wa -k privilege_escalation
-w /etc/sudoers.d/ -p wa -k privilege_escalation
# Monitor SSH configuration and authorized keys
-w /etc/ssh/sshd_config -p wa -k sshd_config_change
-w /root/.ssh/authorized_keys -p wa -k ssh_key_tampering
# Monitor user and group management commands
-w /usr/sbin/useradd -p x -k user_management
-w /usr/sbin/usermod -p x -k user_management
-w /usr/sbin/groupadd -p x -k user_management
# Detect process injection via ptrace
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S ptrace -F a0=0x4 -k process_injection
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S ptrace -F a0=0x5 -k process_injection
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S ptrace -F a0=0x6 -k process_injection
# Monitor execution of programs from unusual directories
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S execve -F exe=/tmp -k exec_from_tmp
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S execve -F exe=/dev/shm -k exec_from_shm
# Detect kernel module loading (rootkit installation)
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S init_module -S finit_module -k kernel_module_load
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S delete_module -k kernel_module_remove
-w /sbin/insmod -p x -k kernel_module_tool
-w /sbin/modprobe -p x -k kernel_module_tool
# Monitor network socket creation for reverse shells
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S socket -F a0=2 -k network_socket_created
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S connect -F a0=2 -k network_connection
# Detect cron job modifications (persistence)
-w /etc/crontab -p wa -k cron_persistence
-w /etc/cron.d/ -p wa -k cron_persistence
-w /var/spool/cron/ -p wa -k cron_persistence
# Monitor log deletion or tampering
-w /var/log/ -p wa -k log_tampering
```
Reload rules after editing:
```bash
augenrules --load
auditctl -l | wc -l # Confirm rule count
```
### Step 3: Search for Intrusion Indicators with ausearch
Use `ausearch` to query the audit log for specific events:
```bash
# Search for all failed login attempts in the last 24 hours
ausearch -m USER_LOGIN --success no -ts recent
# Search for commands executed by a specific user
ausearch -ua 1001 -m EXECVE -ts today
# Search for all file access events on /etc/shadow
ausearch -f /etc/shadow -ts this-week
# Search for privilege escalation via sudo
ausearch -m USER_CMD -ts today
# Search for kernel module loading events
ausearch -k kernel_module_load -ts this-month
# Search for processes executed from /tmp (common attack staging)
ausearch -k exec_from_tmp -ts this-week
# Search for SSH key modifications
ausearch -k ssh_key_tampering -ts this-month
# Search for a specific event by audit event ID
ausearch -a 12345
# Search events in a specific time range
ausearch -ts 03/15/2026 08:00:00 -te 03/15/2026 18:00:00
# Interpret syscall numbers and format output readably
ausearch -k credential_access -i -ts today
```
### Step 4: Generate Summary Reports with aureport
Use `aureport` to produce aggregate summaries for triage:
```bash
# Summary of all authentication events
aureport -au -ts this-week --summary
# Report of all failed events (login, access, etc.)
aureport --failed --summary -ts today
# Report of executable runs
aureport -x --summary -ts today
# Report of all anomaly events (segfaults, promiscuous mode, etc.)
aureport --anomaly -ts this-week
# Report of file access events
aureport -f --summary -ts today
# Report of all events by key (maps to your custom rule keys)
aureport -k --summary -ts this-month
# Report of all system calls
aureport -s --summary -ts today
# Report of events grouped by user
aureport -u --summary -ts this-week
# Detailed time-based event report for timeline building
aureport -ts 03/15/2026 08:00:00 -te 03/15/2026 18:00:00 --summary
```
### Step 5: Reconstruct the Attack Timeline
Combine ausearch queries to build a chronological narrative:
```bash
# Step 5a: Identify the initial access timestamp
ausearch -m USER_LOGIN -ua 0 --success yes -ts this-week -i | head -50
# Step 5b: Trace what the attacker did after gaining access
# Get all events from the compromised account within the incident window
ausearch -ua <UID> -ts "03/15/2026 14:00:00" -te "03/15/2026 18:00:00" -i \
| aureport -f -i
# Step 5c: Extract all commands executed during the incident window
ausearch -m EXECVE -ts "03/15/2026 14:00:00" -te "03/15/2026 18:00:00" -i
# Step 5d: Check for persistence mechanisms installed
ausearch -k cron_persistence -ts "03/15/2026 14:00:00" -i
ausearch -k ssh_key_tampering -ts "03/15/2026 14:00:00" -i
# Step 5e: Check for lateral movement (outbound connections)
ausearch -k network_connection -ts "03/15/2026 14:00:00" -i
```
### Step 6: Forward Audit Logs to SIEM
Configure `audisp-remote` or `auditbeat` to ship logs to a central SIEM for correlation:
```bash
# Option A: Using audisp-remote plugin
# Edit /etc/audit/plugins.d/au-remote.conf
active = yes
direction = out
path = /sbin/audisp-remote
type = always
# Configure remote target in /etc/audit/audisp-remote.conf
remote_server = siem.internal.corp
port = 6514
transport = tcp
# Option B: Using Elastic Auditbeat
# Install auditbeat and configure /etc/auditbeat/auditbeat.yml
# Auditbeat reads directly from the kernel audit framework
```
## Key Concepts
| Term | Definition |
|------|------------|
| **auditd** | The Linux Audit daemon that receives audit events from the kernel and writes them to `/var/log/audit/audit.log` |
| **auditctl** | Command-line utility to control the audit system: add/remove rules, check status, set backlog size |
| **ausearch** | Query tool that searches audit logs by message type, user, file, key, time range, or event ID |
| **aureport** | Reporting tool that generates aggregate summaries of audit events for triage and compliance |
| **audit rule key (-k)** | A user-defined label attached to an audit rule, enabling fast filtering of related events with ausearch and aureport |
| **syscall auditing** | Kernel-level monitoring of system calls (execve, open, connect, ptrace) that captures process and file activity |
| **augenrules** | Utility that merges all files in `/etc/audit/rules.d/` into `/etc/audit/audit.rules` and loads them into the kernel |
## Verification
- [ ] auditd is running and rules are loaded (`auditctl -l` returns expected rule count)
- [ ] No audit backlog overflow (`auditctl -s` shows `backlog: 0` or low value, lost: 0)
- [ ] ausearch returns events for each custom key (`ausearch -k <key> -ts today` returns results)
- [ ] aureport generates non-empty summaries for authentication, executable, and file events
- [ ] Timeline reconstruction produces a coherent chronological sequence of attacker actions
- [ ] Critical file watches trigger alerts on test modifications (`touch /etc/shadow` generates an event)
- [ ] Logs are forwarding to central SIEM (verify with a test event and confirm receipt)
- [ ] Audit rules persist across reboot (rules in `/etc/audit/rules.d/`, not only via `auditctl`)

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